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5.2.4 Water treatment
The system should be filled with mains cold water (for the
UK this will usually have a pH of between 7 and 8).
Pressurised installations with a boiler/system content
ratio of 1:10 or less should not require water treatment,
provided that the following conditions apply:
1. The system is flushed thoroughly to remove all fluxes
and debris and filled completely once.
2. Make up water is limited to 5% per annum.
3. The hardness of the water does not exceed 360 ppm.
(20
0
D).
All scale deposits will reduce the efficiency of the boiler
and should be prevented. However provided the above
is complied with any scale produced will not be too
detrimental to the boiler efficiency and will not reduce the
anticipated life expectancy of the boiler.
NOTE: Scale desposits in excess of 5mm will reduce
boiler efficiency and greatly increase the risk of
premature casting failure
As most systems contain a variety of metals wich can
react with each other to cause corrosion. It is considered
good practice to provide some form of water treatment
(especially in open vented systems) in order to prevent or
reduce the following.
a) Metallic corrosion
b) Formation of scale and sludge
c) Microbiological contamination
d) Chemical changes in the untreated system
water
Suitable chemicals and their use should be discussed
with a specialist water treatment company prior to
carrying out any work.
5.2.3 Water circulation
The water flow through the boiler is limited to an amount
corresponding with a differential temperature across the
boiler of 45°C. If the differential temperature exceeds
45°C the boiler is turned off and blocked.
See also para. 7.5.3. As soon as the flow is again suffi-
cient, the boiler will automatically restart.The minimum
water circulation in the boiler is determined by the
following formula:
Output boiler in (kW) = ..... m
3
/h
This circulation prevents, for example, activation of the
high limit thermostat when the mixing valves of the instal-
lation close when the boiler is in operation (to dissipate
residual heat).
The maximum water circulation in the boiler is
determined by the formula:
Output boiler in (kW) = ..... m
3
/h
9.3
81
The specification of the system and manufacturers rec-
ommendations must be taken into account, along with
the age and codition of the system. New systems should
be flushed thoroughly to remove all traces of flux, debris,
grease and metal swarf generated during installation.
Care to be taken with old systems to ensure any black
metallic iron oxide sludge and other corrosive residues
are removed, again by thoroughly flushing, ensuring that
the system is drained completely from all low points.
NOTE: Please ensure that the new boiler plant is not in
circuit when the flushing takes place, especially if
cleansing chemicals are used to assist the proces.
Under no circumstances is the boiler to be operated
with cleaning chemicals in the system
To Summarise: Minimise water loss
Prevent pumping over in open vented
systems
Provide adequate air venting at all high
points
Maximum chlorine content of 200 mg/1
Take advice on suitability of inhibitors
for use with aluminium
MAX pH of 9 when using additives
If water treatment is used then we recommend that the
following products be used:
‘Copal’ manufactured by
Fernox Manufacturing Company Ltd.
Britannia Works
Clavering
Essex, CB1L 4QZ
Tel No: 0179 955 0811
Fax No: 0179 955 0853
or
Sentinal ‘X100’ manufactured by
BetzDearborn
Sentinal
Foundry Lane
Widnes
Cheshire WA8 8UD
Tel No: 051 495 5351
Fax No: 0151 420 5447
For the correct dosage and for further information on
water treatment or system cleaning we advise direct
contact either of the above companies.
5.2.5 Noise levels
The noise level in the boiler house, measured at a dis-
tance of 1 meter around the boiler, is approx. 60 dBA,
which means that it is usually not necessary to use
sound absorbent material.
11


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