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274 MPEG glossary
www.magix.com
d
d
2
I
y
b
d
t
w
M
in other programs).
D
Y
s
P
P
p
describes this process.
B
o
w
B
"
p
P
Prediction is a method of data reduction used by the MPEG format.
The image elements already known from the previous or following
f
H
T
T
k
a
e-interlacing during video recordings for the video recorder and for
isplay in the arranger.
. Incorrect field rate
f you move around the series of fields in a movie data stream, then
ou will see strong jitter and flicker effects. Picture objects move in a
ackward movement – two steps forwards, one back – since a
elayed field is shown before the previous one. This can happen in
he processing chain if you export video material improperly with the
rong field order and then import it into different material. We use
XV or MPEG "Top field first" format for all analog recordings ("odd"
V-AVI on the other hand is saved with “Bottom Field First”.
ou can correct the field series for each video object in its object
ettings. See: "Menu -> Effects -> Object properties"
frames and B frames
frames save only the difference between the current picture and the
receding I frame. The "P" comes from the term "prediction" which
frames save the differences between the current picture and the I
r P frame preceding and following. This includes the information that
as the same before and remained the same after the current frame.
oth directions are analyzed (indicates the "B" in the name, i.e.
bidirectional-predicted"). You can read more under
prediction (on
age 274).
rediction
rames are removed from the data stream.
ow does it work?
he encoder has a precisely defined GOP, for example IBBPBBPBB.
his sequence is transmitted together with the encoder, which always
nows exactly which kind of frame comes next. I, P, and B frames
re differentiated.
Note: When we talk about pictures, we refer to frames of the video
output, and I, P and B frames are the encoded video frames. Just as
in movement approximation, blocks (8x8 pixels) are united into
274


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