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Questions/Activities for students:
• Studentsshouldresearchtheprocessesbywhichdifferenttypesofproteinscreatedon:
1) ribosomes free in the cytoplasm, and 2) ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Generally, cytoplasmic proteins (enzymes, etc.) are created on ribosomes that are free in cytoplasm.
Membrane-bound proteins are synthesized by ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Studentscouldundertakeanactivitydemonstratingbiochemicalevolution.Thiscanbeshownby
comparing similarities and differences in amino acid sequencing of a common molecule from several
closely related species. For example, the hemoglobin molecule has been sequenced for humans as
well as many other species. Students can readily compare the sequences of the different species by
looking for phylogenic similarities and differences.
1
The web sites listed at the end of this lesson will
assist in this activity.
• Proteinsmayservebothstructuralandfunctionalpurposes.Enzymesareexamplesofproteinsthat
serve specific functions. Collagen (skin and bone tissue) and keratin (hair and nails) are examples of
structural proteins. Ask students to research the many functions that proteins may serve.
MODULE III: CODING, TRANSLATION, AND MUTATIONS
LESSON 6
• Certain antibiotics such as tetracycline and streptomycin react specifically with bacterial
ribosomes and not with eukaryotic ribosomes. Ask students to research how these antibiotics
work to selectively inhibit bacterial growth.
extensiOn Activities ( Designed primarily for advanced students)
1. Students should research and discuss the P site and the A site on ribosomes. Formal names for
the sites, functions and locations should be included in the discussion. A description of how they
work in the translation process should be described in the student journals.
useful relAted web sites
1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Genome&itool=toolbar – Entrez Genome
NCBI Search Site (U.S. National Institutes of Health search site)
2. http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/ - EMBL (European Bioinformatics Institute) Nucleotide Sequence and
Homology Search Database
3. http://www.rcsb.org/ - Molecular Structure Databank
references
1
Miller, K. and Levine, J. Laboratory Manual Biology. Prentice Hall. 1991.
www.knexeducation.com
Education
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