Manual Knex 78780 - Education DNA Replication Teachers Guide (page 39 of 46) (All languages)

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Objectives

Students will be able to:

1. Recognize and discuss the tRNA structure.

2. Compare/contrast tRNA and mRNA.

3. Understand how the genetic code translates into a protein.

4. Understand the function of tRNA.

mAteriAls

Each student group should have the following:

• 1K’NEX DNA, Replication and Transcription kit with building instructions booklet

• Studentjournals(1perstudent)

* NOTE: Each student group should have completed (at least) Lessons 1 through 4 before doing

this lesson.

K’NEX DNA, Replication and Transcription kits at this time do not provide models for tRNAs and the

associated amino acids. This lessons suggests that students may combine the K’NEX mRNA model

with tRNA and amino acid models that they construct from paper, or other material, to demonstrate

the process of translation.

PreliminAry Activity: tRNA Recognition and Translation

• StudentsshouldresearchthecloverleaftRNAmolecularshapeandidentifyingcharacteristicsin

their texts or another reliable peer-reviewed source. This molecule should be sketched in their

student journals with the identifying characteristics appropriately labeled.

• StudentsshouldconstructanmRNAmoleculefromtheirK’NEXkitsusingrandomnitrogen-

containing bases, as shown on Pages 18 and 19 of the K’NEX DNA, Replication and Transcription

building instructions booklet. Each student should then build a corresponding protein molecule by

“translating” the mRNA code into a specific amino acid sequence. Students should be creative in

designing their own manipulatives to represent chains of amino acids. One possibility would be to

create a paper chain with each “link” labeled as the appropriate amino acid corresponding to their

mRNA code.

intrOductiOn: tRNA and Its Function

In Lesson 4, students learned the process of transcription and how the template DNA molecule

transfers its code to a “portable” mRNA molecule, which then exits the nucleus and enters the

cytoplasm. This lesson will address the functions of the other types of RNA molecules (also

produced in the nucleus) and the rest of the protein synthesis or “translation” process that occurs

in the cytoplasm of the cell. Translation seems to be very appropriately named in that it translates

the initial code from the DNA template into a protein molecule.

Transfer RNA molecules are one of the three major forms of RNA found in animal cells. This lesson on

translation will center on transfer RNA (tRNA) and, briefly, ribosomal RNA (rRNA). When mRNA exits the

nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, it must travel to a ribosome in order for its code to be translated

MODULE III: CODING, TRANSLATION, AND MUTATIONS

888-ABC-KNEX

Education

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Knex 78780 - Education DNA Replication Teachers Guide Manual

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