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Le pont Forth Railway traversant le large estuaire du Firth of Forth près d’Edimbourg en Écosse, est l’un des plus longs
ponts cantilever du monde. Ce pont, construit en 1890, est fait d’acier et mesure environ 2,5 kilomètres. La portée centrale
entre les deux cantilevers est seulement de 100 mètres de long.
Fig. 43 - Les forces
agissant dans un pont
cantilever
Fig. 44
Le pont Forth Railway, Queensferry sud, Écosse.
Fig. 45 - Ponts à câbles
Dans cet exemple, la travée ferroviaire est supportée à la fois par le dessus et le dessous, grâce à un ensemble de
poutres triangulées.
3b Tirer vers le haut
Le pont à câbles
Le pont à câbles est une combinaison du pont cantilever et du pont suspendu : la travée du pont est la structure à
cantilever, suspendue à une tour par des câbles. Chaque tour supporte une partie de la travée grâce aux câbles. Même
si cette idée n’est pas nouvelle, le pont à câbles s’est répandu pendant le milieu du vingtième siècle, en partie à cause de
l’amélioration des matériaux de construction. C’est également une structure relativement peu coûteuse à construire parce
qu’elle ne nécessite pas d’ancrage, comparativement au pont suspendu. Donc, ce type de pont est maintenant retenu à
plusieurs endroits où l’on aurait auparavant construit un pont suspendu de taille moyenne (moins de 1000 mètres).
LES PONTS
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