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Pont Humber, Angleterre
17
Fig. 50 - Les forces agissant sur un pont suspendu
Fig. 51
Fig. 52 Pont à bascule s’ouvrant pour la navigation
Pont Humber, Angleterre
Le pont de la Tour, Londres, Angleterre
Les ponts les plus longs construits de nos jours sont des ponts suspendus. Présentement, le record est détenu par le pont
Akashi reliant les îles japonaises de Shikoku et Honshu, il mesure 3, 911 mètres.
Les ponts en mouvement
Le pont à bascule
Un pont à bascule s’ouvre afin de permettre le passage de bateaux. Sa travée centrale est divisée et chaque extrémité
est contrebalancée pour réduire l’effort lors de l’ouverture. Les parties mobiles qui s’ouvrent vers le haut se nomment
les vantaux et fonctionnent grâce à un système de contrepoids, d’engrenages et de moteurs. Les contrepoids sont
généralement fabriqués de béton et sont placés sous la route. Un moteur actionne les engrenages qui font descendre les
contrepoids, alors que les vantaux s’élèvent pour créer un passage pour la navigation.
Le pont de la Tour de Londres, au-dessus de la Tamise, en Angleterre, est un pont à bascule. Chaque bascule mesure
environ 33 mètres et un contrepoids de 422 tonnes est attaché à l’extrémité de chacune d’elles.
Sites internet
http ://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561057/pont_(structure).html#s1 Un site internet présentant la structure du
pont, son historique, les types de pont et les perspectives.
http ://www.brantacan.co.uk/bridges.htm (en anglais) Un site intéressant et instructif, présente plusieurs types de pont et
une banque de photographies bien étoffée.
http ://www.infrastructures.com/0801/pont.htm et http ://www.confederationbridge.com/fr/notre_pont/caracteristiques.asp
Sites présentant l’historique de la construction du pont de la Confédération reliant le Nouveau-Brunswick à l’Île du
Prince-Edouard.
http ://netrover.com/~capaigle/Ponts/pont.htm Histoire du pont de Québec.
http ://www.pjcci.ca/Francais/jacques-cartier/INTRO.HTM Informations sur le pont Jacques-Cartier, Montréal.
LES PONTS
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