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wheels and axles and inclined planes
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
A Quick Guide to Wheels and Axles
An axle turning a wheel:
The context with which most people are
familiar is that of a motor connected to an
axle, which then turns a wheel.
To demonstrate this concept, try opening a
door. A door is another example of a wheel
and axle in action. The centre of the door
hinge is the fulcrum, the door hinge is the
axle and the door is the wheel. To open the
door by pushing close to the hinge requires a
lot of effort. Your hand moves slowly but the
outer part of the door moves quite quickly. A
small resistance against the door is enough
to prevent you pushing it open. Pushing open
the door a long distance from the hinge,
however, requires little effort and only a large
force in the opposite direction can stop you
from opening it.
Key facts:
A wheel turning an axle:
 • Increasestheforcesproducedattheaxle.
An axle turning a wheel:
 • Increasesthespeedofrotationbut
decreases the output forces produced at
the wheel rim.
Useful Internet Web Sites:
http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/javalabs/java12/
machine/index.htm
http://www.atech.org/faculty/dunne/
about/SM/INDEX.HTM
Turning the axle will make the wheel rim, in
the same amount of time, rotate through a
greater distance than the axle. In other words,
the wheel rim is turning faster than the axle. In
this situation, a large input force is needed
to turn the axle. The output force, however,
is reduced. This situation is the reverse of a
wheel turning an axle.
Large input
force needed
at the axle.
Axle rotates a
short distance.
Small output force-
turning the rim of the
wheel a long distance.
Rim travels much
faster than the axle.
Load-the resistence to
movement at the axle.
Axle Turning a Wheel
Fulcrum
Radius of wheel
Education
®
8


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