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A�Quick�Guide�to��
Wheels�and�Axles
In the same way, it is virtually impossible
to turn a lock mechanism by trying to turn
the lock spindle itself – you cannot generate
enough turning forces - but with the doorknob
attached, it becomes an easier task.
Although the wheel and axle are connected
and they rotate through the same angle,
the actual distance moved by the rims of
the door handle (a wheel) and the axle are
different. Because the circumference of the
wheel is larger than that of the axle, the wheel
rim will move through a much greater distance
than the axle.
The resultant effect: A small input force at
the door handle (a wheel) turning through a
large distance produces a large output force
at the axle. This causes the lock mechanism
to work. The greater the radius of the wheel,
the larger are the turning forces produced
at the axle. In a wheel and axle mechanism,
distance acts as a force multiplier. A large
waterwheel generates a much greater output
turning force than a small wheel turning at
the same speed.
AXLE: Small turning
distance. Large output force.
WHEEL: Small input force.
Large turning distance.
Fulcrum
Radius of wheel
Large output
force produced
at the axle
moving a
short distance.
Small input
force turning
the rim of the
wheel through a
long distance.
Load-the resistence to
movement at the axle.
Wheel Turning an Axle
The reason for this is because a wheel
and axle mechanism behaves as if it were a
rotating lever, with the centre of the wheel as
the fulcrum, and the wheel rim as the outer
edge of the lever. Levers help to amplify input
forces. The greater the distance they are
applied from the fulcrum, the more the input
forces are increased.
In action, this means a winch with a long
handle can generate more lifting forces at its
axle than one with a short handle.
Education
®
7


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