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wheels and axles and inclined planes
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
A Quick Guide to Wheels and Axles
A wheel, however, does not have to be
a circular disk; it can be the circular path
outlined by a handle that turns. For example,
the winch handle of the K’NEX Well model,
or the peddle on a bicycle.
Wheel and axle basics:
How a wheel and axle mechanism works
depends on whether the wheel is turning the
axle or the axle is turning the wheel.
In some cases the wheel turns the axle, as
with a water wheel, doorknob and screwdriver,
while in other cases the axle turns the wheel,
as in a car or bicycle.
NOTE: Some wheels freely rotate on their
axles and do not turn when the axle is turned.
This form of wheel and axle is different from
the fixed wheel and axle systems used to
transfer forces and movement in machines and
other devices. Freely rotating wheels on axles
are mainly used to help reduce friction in a
mechanism as, for example, in single pulleys,
wheelbarrows, trolleys or conveyor systems.
A wheel turning an axle:
A doorknob, a spanner turning a nut on a
bolt, a screwdriver, a car steering wheel and
a winch are all examples of a wheel turning
an axle. We know from experience that a small
handled screwdriver cannot be used to insert
large screws because not enough turning
forces can be generated. Similarly, attempting
to unscrew a screw by turning the shaft (the
axle) of the screwdriver is difficult. Using the
wide handle (wheel) of a screwdriver, however,
makes the job much easier by enabling you to
generate large turning forces.
Key facts:
Wheels do not need to be solid disks.
Wheels can be circular paths made by
handles that turn.
What are wheels and axles used for?
 • Totransferturningforces.Forexample:
from a car engine to the road surface;
from your hand to a door lock
mechanism; from flowing water to
the machinery inside a mill.
 • Toincreaseturningforcestomakeit
easier to move objects. For example:
the handle of a winch; a doorknob.
 • Tochangethedirectionofmotion.
For example: in a winch, from the rotary
motion of the turning handle to the
linear motion of the object being raised
or lowered.
 • Tomakeiteasiertomoveheavyobjects
by reducing the effects of friction.
Education
®
6


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