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Tenda TEF1226P Manual

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Device Management
- 63 -
Protocol Data Unit) between each other to exchange information. BPDUs carry the
information that is needed for switches to figure out the spanning tree.
The network topology is determined by BPDU transmission among devices. There are two
types of BPDUs in the original STP specification
Configuration BPDU: Used for Spanning Tree computation and spanning tree topology
maintenance.
Topology Change Notification (TCN) BPDU: Used to announce changes in the
network topology
Basic concepts of STP
1. Bridge ID
The bridge ID contains both numbers combined together - Bridge priority + MAC, in which
the bridge priority is a configurable parameter. The smaller the bridge ID is, the higher the
bridge priority is. The root bridge is the bridge with the lowest bridge ID.
2. Root Bridge
There is only one Root Bridge in the networking, so the concepts of Root Bridge was
introduced in the STP. There is only one Root Bridge in the structure of whole network, and
it is changeable as the network topology changes, thus the Root Bridge is not stable.
Initially, all devices regard themselves as the root bridge and generate their own
configuration BPDUs and send them out periodically. When the network topology becomes
stable, only the root bridge device will send configuration BPDUs out and other devices will
forward these BPDUs.
3. Root Port
The root bridge port is the port that has the lowest path cost from this bridge to the Root
Bridge and forwards packets to the root. There is only one root port on the non-root bridge
device and no root port on the root bridge devices.
4. Designated Bridge and Designated Port
Designated bridge: As for a device, it is the device that connects to and forwards BPDUs to
the host. As for a LAN, it is the device that forwards BPDUs to the network segment.
In every network segment, the device with the smallest path cost to the root bridge will be
selected as the designated bridge. When all switches have the same root path cost, the
device with the lowest network bridge ID will be selected as the designated bridge.
Designated port: As for a device, it is the port that forwards BPDUs to the host. As for a
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