Manual Suse openSUSE 12.2 (page 147 of 530) (English)

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systemd By starting services and mounting le systems systemd handles the

actual booting of the system. systemd is described in Chapter 8, The systemd

daemon (page 133).

7.1.1

initramfs

initramfs is a small cpio archive that the Kernel can load into a RAM disk. It pro-

vides a minimal Linux environment that enables the execution of programs before the

actual root le system is mounted. This minimal Linux environment is loaded into

memory by BIOS or UEFI routines and does not have specic hardware requirements

other than sufcient memory. The initramfs archive must always provide an exe-

cutable named init that executes the systemd daemon on the root le system for

the boot process to proceed.

Before the root le system can be mounted and the operating system can be started,

the Kernel needs the corresponding drivers to access the device on which the root le

system is located. These drivers may include special drivers for certain kinds of hard

drives or even network drivers to access a network le system. The needed modules

for the root le system may be loaded by init on initramfs. After the modules

are loaded, udev provides the initramfs with the needed devices. Later in the boot

process, after changing the root le system, it is necessary to regenerate the devices.

This is done by the systemd unit udev.service with the command

udevtrigger.

If you need to change hardware (for example hard disks) in an installed system and this

hardware requires different drivers to be present in the Kernel at boot time, you must

update initramfs. This is done by calling mkinitrd. Calling mkinitrd without

any argument creates an initramfs. Calling mkinitrd -R creates an init exe-

cutable. In openSUSE®, the modules to load are specied by the variable

INITRD_MODULES in /etc/sysconfig/kernel. After installation, this variable

is automatically set to the correct value. The modules are loaded in exactly the order

in which they appear in INITRD_MODULES.

Booting a Linux System 129

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