Manual Sharp UL-C10EA-W (page 15 of 96) (English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Spanish)

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Leak detection methods

The following leak detection methods are deemed acceptable for all

refrigerant systems.

Electronic leak detectors may be used to detect refrigerant leaks but, in

the case of ammable refrigerants, the sensitivity may not be adequate,

or may need re-calibration. (Detection equipment shall be calibrated in a

refrigerant-free area.) Ensure that the detector is not a potential source of

ignition and is suitable for the refrigerant used. Leak detection equipment

shall be set at a percentage of the LFL of the refrigerant and shall be

calibrated to the refrigerant employed, and the appropriate percentage of

gas (25 % maximum) is conrmed.

Leak detection uids are suitable for use with most refrigerants but the

use of detergents containing chlorine shall be avoided as the chlorine may

react with the refrigerant and corrode the copper pipe-work.

If a leak is suspected, all naked ames shall be removed/extinguished.

If a leakage of refrigerant is found which requires brazing, all of the

refrigerant shall be recovered from the system, or isolated (by means of

shut o valves) in a part of the system remote from the leak. For appliances

containing ammable refrigerants, oxygen free nitrogen (OFN) shall then

be purged through the system both before and during the brazing process

Removal and evacuation

When breaking into the refrigerant circuit to make repairs – or for any other

purpose – conventional procedures shall be used. However, for ammable

refrigerants it is important that best practice is followed since ammability

is a consideration. The following procedure shall be adhered to:

• remove refrigerant;

• purge the circuit with inert gas;

• evacuate;

• purge again with inert gas;

• open the circuit by cutting or brazing.

The refrigerant charge shall be recovered into the correct recovery

cylinders. For appliances containing ammable refrigerants, the system

shall be “ushed” with OFN to render the unit safe. This process may need

to be repeated several times. Compressed air or oxygen shall not be used

for purging refrigerant systems.

For appliances containing ammable refrigerants, ushing shall be

achieved by breaking the vacuum in the system with OFN and continuing

to ll until the working pressure is achieved, then venting to atmosphere,

and nally pulling down to a vacuum.

This process shall be repeated until no refrigerant is within the system.

When the nal OFN charge is used, the system shall be vented down

to atmospheric pressure to enable work to take place. This operation is

absolutely vital if brazing operations on the pipe-work are to take place.

Ensure that the outlet of the vacuum pump is not close to any ignition

sources and that ventilation is available.

Charging procedures

In addition to conventional charging procedures, the following

requirements shall be followed.

• Ensure that contamination of dierent refrigerants does not occur when

using charging equipment. Hoses or lines shall be as short as possible to

minimise the amount of refrigerant contained in them.

• Cylinders shall be kept upright.

• Ensure that the refrigeration system is earthed prior to charging the

system with refrigerant.

• Label the system when charging is complete (if not already).

• Extreme care shall be taken not to overll the operefrigeration system.

Prior to recharging the system, it shall be pressure-tested with the

appropriate purging gas.

The system shall be leak-tested on completion of charging but prior to

commissioning. A follow up leak test shall be carried out prior to leaving

the site.

Decommissioning

Before carrying out this procedure, it is essential that the technician

is completely familiar with the equipment and all its detail. It is

recommended good practice that all refrigerants are recovered safely.

Prior to the task being carried out, an oil and refrigerant sample shall be

taken in case analysis is required prior to reuse of reclaimed refrigerant. It is

essential that electrical power is available before the task is commenced.

a. Become familiar with the equipment and its operation.

b. Isolate system electrically.

c. Before attempting the procedure, ensure that:

 mechanical handling equipment is available, if required, for handling

refrigerant cylinders;

 all personal protective equipment is available and being used

correctly;

 the recovery process is supervised at all times by a competent

person;

 recovery equipment and cylinders conform to the appropriate

standards.

d. Pump down refrigerant system, if possible.

e. If a vacuum is not possible, make a manifold so that refrigerant can be

removed from various parts of the system.

f. Make sure that cylinder is situated on the scales before recovery takes

place.

g. Start the recovery machine and operate in accordance with

manufacturer's instructions.

h. Do not overll cylinders. (No more than 80 % volume liquid charge).

i. Do not exceed the maximum working pressure of the cylinder, even

temporarily.

j. When the cylinders have been lled correctly and the process

completed, make sure that the cylinders and the equipment are

removed from site promptly and all isolation valves on the equipment

are closed o.

k. Recovered refrigerant shall not be charged into another refrigeration

system unless it has been cleaned and checked.

Labelling

Equipment shall be labelled stating that it has been decommissioned and

emptied of refrigerant. The label shall be dated and signed. For appliances

containing ammable refrigerants, ensure that there are labels on the

equipment stating the equipment contains ammable refrigerant.

Recovery

When removing refrigerant from a system, either for servicing or

decommissioning, it is recommended good practice that all refrigerants

are removed safely.

When transferring refrigerant into cylinders, ensure that only appropriate

refrigerant recovery cylinders are employed. Ensure that the correct

number of cylinders for holding the total system charge are available.

All cylinders to be used are designated for the recovered refrigerant

and labelled for that refrigerant (i.e. special cylinders for the recovery of

refrigerant). Cylinders shall be complete with pressure-relief valve and

associated shut-o valves in good working order. Empty recovery cylinders

are evacuated and, if possible, cooled before recovery occurs.

The recovery equipment shall be in good working order with a set of

instructions concerning the equipment that is at hand and shall be suitable

for the recovery of all appropriate refrigerants including, when applicable,

ammable refrigerants. In addition, a set of calibrated weighing scales

shall be available and in good working order. Hoses shall be complete

with leak-free disconnect couplings and in good condition. Before using

the recovery machine, check that it is in satisfactory working order, has

been properly maintained and that any associated electrical components

are sealed to prevent ignition in the event of a refrigerant release. Consult

manufacturer if in doubt.

The recovered refrigerant shall be returned to the refrigerant supplier

in the correct recovery cylinder, and the relevant waste transfer note

arranged. Do not mix refrigerants in recovery units and especially not in

cylinders.

If compressors or compressor oils are to be removed, ensure that they have

been evacuated to an acceptable level to make certain that ammable

refrigerant does not remain within the lubricant. The evacuation process

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Sharp UL-C10EA-W Manual

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