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Rendamax R3400 Manual

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Doc890/3456CV02B 41
5.4.4 Water temperature
The maximum permissible temperature of the water fl ow can be set at 90°C. If the high limit
thermostat functions at 100°C, the appliance shuts down and locksout and does not restart auto-
matically when the temperature falls below the high limit tem perature setting.
5.4.5 Water quality
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The composition and quality of the system water has a direct infl uence on the performance of
the whole system and the life of the appliance. Unsuitable addition and use of chemicals, water
softeners, oxygen binders, de-aerators, aerators, and water fi lters all increase the possibility of
faults.
Corrosive elements in certain additives can attack the system, resulting in leakage; deposits of
undesirable sediments can lead to damage to the boiler heat exchanger.
For water hardness, a distinction must be made between:
a Temporary hardness
This is also referred to as carbonate hardness. Deposits are formed at higher temperatures and
are easy to remove.
b Permanent hardness
Minerals (for example, calcium sulphate) dissolved in the water can be deposited as a function
of very high surface temperatures.
In the United Kingdom, water hardness is expressed in mg/litre (ppm) and is given the following
divisions:
Very soft less than 50 ppm
Soft approx. 50 - 160 ppm
Moderately hard approx. 160 - 250 ppm
Hard and very hard over 250 ppm
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The system must contain soft to moderately hard water with a water hardness not exceeding
250 ppm with a sup ply temperature of 80°C and ∆T = 20 K.
Before the water is topped up, the hardness and the chloride content of the water must be deter-
mined.
During the construction of larger installations, one of the appli ances may be operational. New
circuits may be regularly switch ed in, which must occur together with the addition of fresh water.
In addition, it can happen that, because of leakage, some circuits must be disconnected, repaired
and re-fi lled. In these circumstances the only appliance in operation often functions at full capac-
ity and the chance of boiler scale forma tion is present. For this reason the make-up water must be
softened. To ensure proper functioning of the appliance and the system, the use of water soften-
ers is recommended.
Large stationary bubbles with widely different compositions can form at “dead points” in the
system (in addition to oxygen and nitrogen, hydrogen and methane have also been detected).
Oxygen promotes corrosion. Corrosion products, together with other pollutants, form a sludge
deposit (magnetite) which caus es pitting under the infl uence of oxygen.
The use of an air separator with an automatic de-aerator is strongly recommended. This should
preferably be fi tted in a horizontal section of the return pipe to the pump. If a vertical low velocity
header is employed, the air separator should be fi tted above the header.
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The chloride concentration must not exceed 200 mg/l. If this level is exceeded, the cause must be
located. Compare the chloride concentration of the additional water with that of the system water.
If this concentration is higher, this indicates evaporation if no chloride containing materials have
been added. If chloride is present in high concentrations the water will be more aggressive (due
to, among other things, incorrectly regeneration of the water softener). The system must then be
fl ushed out and re-fi lled with low chloride content water.
To reduce the effects of unnecessary wear and blockages resulting from any pollution present we
advise the use of a fi lter system with a mesh opening of 100 microns. Always fi t this in the return
pipe of the secondary part of the system.
… 38 …


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