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4.2 Operating principle
4.2.1 Operating principle for heating
The E-HP AW heat pump extracts energy from the outdoor air and uses it
to heat up a water flow. The heated water flow is then used in a heating
system and for domestic hot water supply.
The energy of the outdoor air is lead to a refrigerant, which heats up and
vaporizes. The compressor increases the pressure and thus the
temperature even more. In the plate heat exchanger (condenser), the
refrigerant condenses, releasing its heat to the hot water circuit and/or
buffer tank. The refrigerant cools down and thus condensates. It is then
fed to the evaporator again through an expansion valve, which reduces
the pressure of the fluid.
The devices with a larger capacity (>48 kW) work in multiple stage
operation. Additional compressors will be deployed in case of increased
heat demand. In normal operation the compressors work alternately. The
leading compressor changes every time the machine starts. The fans will
continuously adjust their speed in accordance with the heating/cooling
demand.
When the outdoor temperature is low or the humidity in the air is high
there might be a build up of ice on the evaporator. If the amount of ice
becomes too much the heat pump will automatically start a defrost
sequence. During this the circulation pump will run at the maximum speed.
At extremely low outside temperatures the unit may occasionally shut
down for short periods to protect itself during operation.
4.2.2 Active cooling
The E-HP AW 'Cool' versions are equipped with a module for active
cooling. This cooling function is based on the reversed functioning of the
heat pump. The heat pump is equipped with a 4-way valve to reverse the
operation. If the heat pump will be used for cooling, the distribution system
inside the building must be suited for this type of operation. The low supply
temperature in cooling mode could cause condensation of the installation
and the pipework must therefore be properly insulated.
In case a low supply temperature during cooling mode is required (<15°C),
an external 4-way valve must be placed in the installation to ensure that
the heat exchanger will remain operating in counterflow.
4.2.3 Hydraulic scheme
The installer is responsible for the design of the hydraulic installation.
We advice to connect the heat pumps to a buffer that has a capacity of
15 L/kW.
As air in the system can lead to serious damages we also advice to
install adequate venting capabilities in the return line to the installation.
Each heat pump needs to be secured with flow protection. This is to
protect the installation in case the flow is restricted and goes under the
required minimum flow.
Below are two examples of a hydraulic scheme with an E-HP AW. For
other examples of hydraulic schemes, contact BAXI
4 Description of the product
7697291 - v.05 - 11032022 21
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