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PENTAGRAM Cerberus P 6341 Manual

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PENTAGRAM Cerberus P 6341
69
Virtual Server
In TCP/IP and UDP networks a port is a 16-bit number used to identify which application
program (usually a server) incoming connections should be delivered to. Some ports have
numbers that are pre-assigned to them by the IANA (the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority), and these are referred to as “well-known ports”. Servers follow the well-known port
assignments so clients can locate them.
If you wish to run a server on your network that can be accessed from the WAN (i.e. from
other machines on the Internet that are outside your local network), or any application that can
accept incoming connections (e.g. Peer-to-peer/P2P software such as instant messaging
applications and P2P file-sharing applications) and are using NAT (Network Address
Translation), then you need to configure your router to forward these incoming connection
attempts using specific ports to the PC on your network running the application. You also need
to use port forwarding if you wish to host an online game server.
The reason is that when using NAT, your publicly accessible IP address is used by and points
to your router, which needs to deliver all traffic to the private IP addresses used by your PCs.
Please see the
WAN configuration section of this manual for information on NAT.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment
of unique parameter values for Internet protocols. Port numbers range from 0 to 65535, but
only port numbers 0 to 1023 are reserved for privileged services and are designated as “well-
known ports”. The registered ports are numbered from 1024 through 49151. The remaining
ports, referred to as dynamic ports, or private ports, are numbered from 49152 through 65535.
Examples of well-known and registered port numbers are shown below, for further
information, please see IANA’s website at: http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
Note: Using port forwarding does have security implications, since outside users are
able to connect to PCs on your network. For this reason you are advised to use specific
Virtual Server entries just for the ports your application requires instead of simply
using DMZ or creating a Virtual Server entry for “All” protocols, as doing so results in
all connection attempts to your public IP address accessing the specified PC.
Attention: If you disable the NAT option in the WAN / WAN Profile section, the Virtual
Server function becomes invalid.
Attention: If the DHCP server option is enabled, you have to be very careful in
assigning the IP addresses of the virtual servers in order to avoid conflicts. The easiest
way of configuring Virtual Servers is to manually assign a static IP address to each
virtual server PC, with an address that does not fall into the range of IP addresses that
are issued by the DHCP server. You can configure the virtual server IP address
manually, but it must still be in the same subnet as the router.
… 69 …


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