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DFX-444 Operator’s Manual Issue 3
17
The transducer/probe wedge is usually manufactured from a
polymer material so that the difference is sound velocity is large
enough to produce
the desired
refraction.
Angle beam or
shear wave testing
is most often used
for the inspection
of welds. The
reason for this is
to be able to
position the
transducer/probe
away from the
weld bead yet
propagate energy into the weld zone. Another reason to use angle
beam testing on welds is to position the sound beam more normal
to the expected discontinuities since the flaws in welds are usually
perpendicular to the test surface with the exception of porosity.
Figure 8 shows the principles of angle beam weld testing.
Depending on the incident angle, refracted sound beams can also
produce components of longitudinal energy, surface wave energy
and Lamb wave energy. Although these advanced topics are
beyond the scope of this manual, it is important to know that
multiple modes can occur simultaneously which may lead to
spurious indications. Surface wave inspection can be used to
detect cracks on the surface of materials.
NOTE: Angle beam testing is a more advanced ultrasonic testing
method. The user is advised to seek training and/or supervision in
the use of these methods for weld inspection.
Figure 8 – Typical Weld Inspection
24


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