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If You Hit Something Or Have A Crash, What Can You Expect
From Your Carbon Fiber Bike?
Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, other cyclist or other object. At
any speed above a fast walk, your body will continue to move forward,
the momentum carrying you over the front of the bike. You cannot and
will not stay on the bike and what happens to the frame, fork and other
components is irrelevant to what happens to your body.
What should you expect from your carbon frame? It depends on many
complex factors. But we can tell you that if the impact is hard enough, the
fork or frame may be completely broken. Note the signicant difference
in behavior between carbon and metal. See Section 2. A, Understanding
metals in this Appendix. Even if the carbon frame was twice as strong as
a metal frame, once the carbon frame is overloaded it will not bend, it will
break completely.
Inspection of Composite Frame, Fork, and Components
Cracks:
Inspect for cracks, broken, or splintered areas. Any crack is serious. Do not
ride any bicycle or component that has a crack of any size.
Delamination:
Delamination is serious damage. Composites are made from layers of
fabric. Delamination means that the layers of fabric are no longer bonded
together. Do not ride any bicycle or component that has any delamination.
These are some delamination clues:
1. A cloudy or white area. This kind of area looks different from the ordinary
undamaged areas. Undamaged areas will look glassy, shiny, or “deep,” as
if one was looking into a clear liquid. Delaminated areas will look opaque
and cloudy.
2. Bulging or deformed shape. If delamination occurs, the surface shape
carbon ber composite at 1.45 grams/cm3.
The composites with the best strength-to-weight ratios are made of carbon
ber in a matrix of epoxy plastic. The epoxy matrix bonds the carbon
bers together, transfers load to other bers, and provides a smooth outer
surface. The carbon bers are the “skeleton” that carries the load.
Why Are Composites Used?
Unlike metals, which have uniform properties in all directions (engineers
call this isotropic), carbon bers can be placed in specic orientations to
optimize the structure for particular loads. The choice of where to place
the carbon bers gives engineers a powerful tool to create strong, light
bicycles. Engineers may also orient bers to suit other goals such as
comfort and vibration damping.
Carbon ber composites are very corrosion resistant, much more so than
most metals.
Think about carbon ber or berglass boats.
Carbon ber materials have a very high strength-to-weight ratio.
What Are The Limits Of Composites?
Well designed “composite” or carbon ber bicycles and components have
long fatigue lives, usually better than their metal equivalents.
While fatigue life is an advantage of carbon ber, you must still regularly
inspect your carbon ber frame, fork, or components.
Carbon ber composites are not ductile. Once a carbon structure is
overloaded, it will not bend; it will break. At and near the break, there will
be rough, sharp edges and maybe delamination of carbon ber or carbon
ber fabric layers. There will be no bending, buckling, or stretching.
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