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Kona 2020 Manual

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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL
40
cm3. Contrast these numbers with carbon ber composite
at 1.45 grams/cm3.
Metals are subject to fatigue. With enough cycles of use,
at high enough loads, metals will eventually develop
cracks that lead to failure. It is very important that you
read The basics of metal fatigue below.
Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, another cyclist or
other object. At any speed above a fast walk, your body
will continue to move forward, momentum carrying you
over the front of the bike. You cannot and will not stay on
the bike, and what happens to the frame, fork and other
components is irrelevant to what happens to your body.
What should you expect from your metal frame? It
depends on many complex factors, which is why we tell
you that crashworthiness cannot be a design criteria. With
that important note, we can tell you that if the impact is
hard enough the fork or frame may be bent or buckled. On
a steel bike, the steel fork may be severely bent and the
frame undamaged. Aluminum is less ductile than steel, but
you can expect the fork and frame to be bent or buckled.
Hit harder and the top tube may be broken in tension and
the down tube buckled. Hit harder and the top tube may
be broken, the down tube buckled and broken, leaving the
head tube and fork separated from the main triangle.
When a metal bike crashes, you will usually see some evi-
dence of this ductility in bent, buckled or folded metal.
It is now common for the main frame to be made of metal
and the fork of carbon ber. See Section B, Understanding
composites below. The relative ductility of metals and
the lack of ductility of carbon ber means that in a crash
scenario you can expect some bending or bucking in the
metal but none in the carbon. Below some load the carbon
fork may be intact even though the frame is damaged.
Above some load the carbon fork will be completely broken
.
… 40 …


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