Manual Kona 2013 (page 37 of 42) (English)

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KONA OWNER’S MANUAL

2. Perspective

Today’s high-performance bicycles require frequent and

careful inspection and service. In this Appendix we try

to explain some underlying material science basics and

how they relate to your bicycle. We discuss some of the

trade-offs made in designing your bicycle and what you

can expect from your bicycle; and we provide important,

basic guidelines on how to maintain and inspect it. We

cannot teach you everything you need to know to prop-

erly inspect and service your bicycle; and that is why we

repeatedly urge you to take your bicycle to your dealer for

professional care and attention.

WARNING: Frequent inspection of your bike is

important to your safety. Follow the Mechanical Safety

Check in Section 1.C of this Manual before every ride.

Periodic, more detailed inspection of your bicycle is

important. How often this more detailed inspection is

needed depends upon you. You, the rider/owner, have

control and knowledge of how often you use your bike,

how hard you use it and where you use it. Because

your dealer cannot track your use, you must take re-

sponsibility for periodically bringing your bike to your

dealer for inspection and service. Your dealer will help

you decide what frequency of inspection and service is

appropriate for how and where you use your bike. For

your safety, understanding and communication with

your dealer, we urge you to read this Appendix in its

entirety. The materials used to make your bike deter-

mine how and how frequently to inspect. Ignoring this

WARNING can lead to frame, fork or other component

failure, which can result in serious injury or death.

A) UNDERSTANDING METALS

Steel is the traditional material for building bicycle frames.

It has good characteristics, but in high performance

bicycles, steel has been largely replaced by aluminum

and some titanium. The main factor driving this change is

interest by cycling enthusiasts in lighter bicycles.

Properties of Metals

Please understand that there is no simple statement that

can be made that characterizes the use of different met-

als for bicycles. What is true is how the metal chosen is

applied is much more important than the material alone.

One must look at the way the bike is designed, tested,

manufactured, supported along with the characteristics of

the metal rather than seeking a simplistic answer.

Metals vary widely in their resistance to corrosion. Steel

must be protected or rust will attack it. Aluminum and

Titanium quickly develop an oxide lm that protects the

metal from further corrosion. Both are therefore quite

resistant to corrosion. Aluminum is not perfectly corro-

sion resistant, and particular care must be used where it

contacts other metals and galvanic corrosion can occur.

Metals are comparatively ductile. Ductile means bending,

buckling and stretching before breaking. Generally speaking,

of the common bicycle frame building materials steel is the

most ductile, titanium less ductile, followed by aluminum

Metals vary in density. Density is weight per unit of mate-

rial. Steel weighs 7.8 grams/cm3 (grams per cubic cen-

timeter), titanium 4.5 grams/cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/

cm3. Contrast these numbers with carbon ber composite

at 1.45 grams/cm3.

Metals are subject to fatigue. With enough cycles of use,

at high enough loads, metals will eventually develop

cracks that lead to failure. It is very important that you

read The basics of metal fatigue below.

Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, another cyclist or

other object. At any speed above a fast walk, your body

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Kona 2013 Manual

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