Manual Kompozer 07 (page 47 of 58) (English)

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KompoZer User Guide — 17 December 2007 Based on version 0.7.10 47

A6.1 Introduction

Encoding refers to the details of how the characters

in the source file for a web page are coded for transmis-

sion over the web. For the most part the author can

leave all the details to be handled by KompoZer or the

browser. This leaves a few options available to the

author these generally provide a means of optimising a

file only in rare cases do they affect functionality.

A6.2 Quick start

KompoZer defaults to using ISO-8859-

1 encoding with the following settings.

You may check or reset this as follows.

Use Format > Page Title and Prop-

erties and in the Internationaliza-

tion area see that the ‘Character

set’ box reads ‘ISO-8859-1’. To

change it using the drop down

menu ' Choose a charset'.

Use Tools > Preferences> Advanced

and in the ‘Special characters area

check that ‘Output the following

characters as entities’ is set to

‘Only & < > and non-breakable

whitespace’.

For the two check boxes below this:

Clear ‘Don't encode > outside of

attribute values’

Check ‘Don't encode special char-

acters in attribute values’.

These settings are completely suitable

for pages using English and adequate,

though not necessarily optimised, for

most other languages used in Western

and Northern Europe.

If using an other European language

and some other languages a different

selection from ISO-8859 may be prefera-

ble. KompoZer offers the full available

range. Wikipedia [Ref 14] has a useful

article detailing the coverage.

A6.3 Encoding text

A6.3.1 ASCII and Latin 1 characters

Early computers used the ASCII (American Stand-

ard Code for Information Interchange) which provides

a set of 95 printable characters dating from the tele-

printer era. An eight bit byte however allows a doubling

of this number (while reserving a number of codes for

control purposes) and gives rise to the Latin-1 set

illustrated in table A6.3-1. The row and column head-

ings indicate the more and less significant parts of the

code (in hexadecimal) corresponding to each character.

For instance, the code for character 'A' is 41.

Latin-1 corresponds to the ISO-8859-1 set which is

sufficient for web pages in English and many other

western European languages. Include the appropriate

code in a file and the corresponding character will

appear.

A6.3.2 ISO-8859

The needs of many languages, European and other,

can be satisfied by similar sets of characters, all share

the ASCII characters and substitute some in other

positions. This give rise to 15 standards in the ISO-

8859 series. You can find which language, along with

the list of characters, supported by each encoding in

the Wikipedia article [Ref 9] referred to above.

To implement this it is clear that more than 256

characters are needed although only 256 locations

(less control positions) are available to address them.

The characters required to satisfy all in the series are

drawn from a much larger set.

A6.3.3 Universal Character Set

The Unicode Consortium [Ref 17] have standardised

a universal character set (UCS), i.e. a standard that

defines, in one place, all the characters needed for

writing the majority of living languages in use on

computers. It aims to be, and to a large extent already

is, a superset of all other character sets that have been

encoded.

Unicode (as the UCS is commonly referred to) can

access over a million characters of which about

100,000 have already been defined. These include

characters for all the world's main languages along

with a selection of symbols for various purposes.

HTML specifies a Document Character Set which is

a list of the character repertoire available along with

the corresponding code points (sometimes referred to

as code positions). For HTML (and XHTML) the Docu-

ment Character Set is identical to the UCS which

Appendix 6 – Character Encoding

x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF

! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * + , - . / S L

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < > = ? C

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O I A

P Q R S T U V

X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ I

` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o T

p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~

! ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ §

shy

® ¯ N

° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿

À Á Â Ã Ä Å

Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï 1

Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß

à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï

ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ

Table A6.3.1

Printable ASCII and Latin 1 characters

Hex code for character MSD in row lsd in column

The characters sp (space), nbsp, (No-break space),

shy (soft hyphen) are printable but (normally) invisible.

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