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Kompozer 07 Manual

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KompoZer User Guide — 17 December 2007 Based on version 0.7.10 24
‘Selector’ followed by the tag for the element. The
window actually lists the style declarations for
that element, but of course that is now blank.
To define how you want elements to look:
1 Select in turn as required the tabs for ‘Text’,
‘Background’, ‘Border’ etc and specify exactly
how you wish that element to appear. The next
section amplifies some details of how to do this.
2 Return to the general tab to see the full declara-
tions that you have set for the Selector.
3 If you click the ‘General’ tab you will see all the
declarations for the rule. You can edit these here
but it is better to leave the job to CaScadeS
because if you make any errors the declaration
will be deleted
4 When you are satisfied click ‘OK’
Once created, rules may be edited by reopening
CaScadeS, Click and expand the stylesheet and click
the rule involved.
In the ‘Sheets and rules’ pane on the left you
should see a structure showing each tag as it is defined.
I won't go through all the options, just mention a
few.
First, do note you are not obliged to specify any
particular properties. You specify as much or as little
as you wish. It's just that the browser will revert to
defaults if you don’t. There are fairly complicated rules
for what it uses, and browsers don’t always follow the
rules, however chances are that you’ll be happy with
whatever it does – if you're not – change it!
You may like to try setting declarations for the
‘body’ and apply it to all elements. In most cases
declarations specified here with trickle down to every-
thing else (they are ‘inherited’) unless you specify it
explicitly elsewhere. Generally this works but can
generate surprises.
Note The tabs available in CaScadeS allow a
large number and all the most important style
properties to be set. The CSS specification how-
ever includes many others. If you are familiar
with these you can type declarations manually
into the box (incorrectly) headed ‘Style rule’. On
closing CaScadeS the validity of the declaration
will be checked and those which are valid will be
added to the stylesheet.
4.2.1.1 Text Tab
Font family. You are offered three ways of specify-
ing
Unspecified
Pre-defined
Use custom font family
In common parlance ‘font families’ are referred to
as ‘fonts’. CSS always refers to them as ‘font families’.
The correct typographic term is ‘Typeface’. (The Eng-
lish word for ‘font’ is ‘fount’ but sadly the American
word has come into general use in the UK.)
‘Unspecified’ leaves everything to the browser
‘Predefined’ has a drop down selector offering one
of three choices. Each choice has a set of 3 fonts which
have fundamentally similar characteristics. The choic-
es are:
Sans serif proportional fonts.
Serif proportional fonts.
Fixed spacing fonts.
Each set has three entries. The first two are alter-
native similar fonts; the third entry is a statement of
the generic font type – the browser should look for the
first font listed, if it can't find it, look for the second
and, if that can't be found, use a font of the generic
type of the final entry. Thus something suitable will
always be found.
‘Custom font family’ is an option to be avoided or
used with extreme caution. The list offered is taken
from the fonts installed on the author's computer. If
you choose one which is not available on your
visitor's computer there is no control over what
will be used.
On the other hand, if carefully used, this option is
very flexible and you can build your own set using the
model from the ‘Predefined’ selector.
To build a set of fonts.
1 Note the structure of the ‘Predefined’ sets. The
lists are built with each font name terminated by
a comma and each set finished with a generic
type.
2 Select a generic type from the following: serif,
sans-serif, cursive, fantasy, monospace.
3 Select preferred fonts corresponding to the ge-
neric type required.
4 With the Text tab selected check ‘Use custom
font family’ and in the box type the name of your
preferred fonts each followed by a comma, finish
with a generic type.
Note 1 You will probably wish to include one
font available on Windows PC systems and an
equivalent available on Macintosh computers.
Note 2 You may enter as many fonts as you wish.
Note 3 Using ‘cursive’ or ‘fantasy’ options is not
recommended since the level of standardisation
between visitors will render the results very
uncertain.
Note 4 If you use a font which has a name
which includes spaces (such as Times New
Roman) the name must be enclosed within
quotes e.g. “Times New Roman”. If you fail to do
this the result will probably still work but vali-
dation will fail.
Font size. There are three sections offering differ-
ent types of option. The first block is a miscellany
offering various units. Because display screens vary in
size and resolution and because people's eyes and
preferences differ, browsers offer view options allowing
the user to alter the text size. If this facility is disabled
the user may not be able to see the page as he or she
would wish. Some of the options in this first group (e.g.
px, pt, cm, in, mm, pc) either apply to print media or
are for fixed size units. These may disable browser
zooming or result in unpredictable sizes. You will
probably find the last set of named styles (starting
xx-small) is most satisfactory, alternatively use the
percentage or em scales. As you select and alter the
size you can see the result directly on your page.
Absolute and relative sizes.
When setting font sizes for text lying directly in the
body element 1em, 100% and 'medium' generally yield
identical results. Font sizes are inherited so text in
elements which themselves sit in the body will, unless
specified separately, use the same sizes. Elements
may however sit, not directly in the body but, within
other elements such as a table or a division. Where
such a table or division has a font size set on itself this
… 24 …


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