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Teacher’s Notes
Liquid soap is a good lubricant
to use with plastic as it washes
off easily. Avoid using near
electrical components.
The coarse cloth creates a rough
surface that increases the amount of
friction between the surface of the
load and the surface of the ramp.
More force, or effort, is needed to
move the load when the amount of
friction is increased.
The trolley uses freely rotating wheels
to reduce the amount of friction, as
does the use of a lubricant. Less
effort will be needed to move the load
up the ramp.
Extension Activity 2 - Investigating friction
Working in Groups of 2-3
 • Askthechildrentorepeattheirinvestigationinorderto
find out how friction affects movement on an inclined
plane. They could modify their ramps in the
following ways:
   •Covertherampsurfacewithcoarseclothor
similar material.
   •Useawheeledtrolley/toytomovetheload.
   •Useliquidsoapasalubricant(tosimulatewet
mud and/or oil).
34
Lesson�5:�Ramps
Extension Activity 1 - The effects of friction
Whole class
* Ask the children to describe the surface of the
K’NEX Ramp and explain how this surface affects
the movement of an object over it.
* The ramp has a smooth plastic
slope. This makes it easier to
pull an object up the slope.
 • Discusshowfrictionmightaffecttheabilityofworkers
to pull the heavy stones up the ramp.
 • Wouldmoreorlesseffortbeneededtopullthestones
up the ramp if the surface was not perfectly smooth?
 • Howmighttheyovercometheeffectsoffriction?
Plenary
Ask the children to discuss and explain their
observations and their recommendations to the pyramid-
building engineers.
Education
®
35


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