Manual Knex 78620 - Education Intro to Wheels and Axles and Inclined Planes Teachers Guide (page 33 of 49) (English)

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Lesson�5:�Ramps

 • Askthechildrentotalkaboutandcomparetheir

experiences of walking up steep hills, over gentle

slopes, and along flat surfaces.

 • Explainhowramps,stairsandladdersareallexamples

of a simple machine called an ‘inclined plane’.

Teacher’s Notes

Simple machines are exactly what their

name implies - simple ‘tools’

that make it easier for us to make

something move. Simple machines

cannot reduce the amount of work

that needs to be done, but they enable

us to change the way in which the

work is done. For example, walking

directly up a steep hill offers the

shortest route but usually requires a

large amount of effort. Taking a less

direct, less steep route, however,

requires less effort and will still get

you to the top of the hill, albeit by a

longer route. Inclined planes make it

easier to move a heavy load through

a vertical distance. Levers and

pulleys are examples of other simple

machines that will also undertake

this task.

See: A Quick Guide to Inclined

Planes for additional information.

Let’s Investigate - Ramps!

Working in Groups of 2-3

 • Explaintothechildrenthattheywillinvestigatehow

ramps (inclined planes) make it easier for people to

move heavy loads from one height to another. In this

lesson they will provide scientific data to a group of

ancient Egyptian engineers who have to implement

the design for the Pharaoh’s pyramid. Everyone agrees

that using a ramp is the best method to move the heavy

blocks for the pyramid, but the engineers cannot agree

on using a steep slope or a gentle slope to get the work

done in time. One group thinks a shorter, steeper slope

is best because the blocks only have to be moved a

short distance, while another group wants a longer,

gentler slope because the heavy building blocks will be

easier to move using fewer people. Which way is best?

 • Thechildren’staskistoprovidetheinformationthatwill

help determine which type of ramp to use. They have

two K’NEX ramps to use in their tests: one is steep and

one is long. A 400 gram weight, or other heavy object,

represents one of the stone blocks.

 • AskeachgrouptobuildtheirK’NEXramps,(Pages9,

10 and 11 of the Building Instructions), but before

starting their tests the children must first decide:

* How they will carry out a ‘fair test’ to determine

which type of ramp should be used.

* What they will need to measure and how they will

record their results?

* How they will measure the forces used to pull their

‘loads’ up the slope.

* How they will determine that using a ramp makes it

easier to move a load through a vertical height.

* For example: both ramps must

be built to the same height.

* The vertical height of the ramp,

the length of the ramp and the

force needed to pull the ramp

up the slope.

* The children could use a

heavy-duty elastic band or a

10N Force meter to pull their

loads up the ramp.

* The children should measure

the force needed to lift the load

vertically to a height that is

level with the top of the ramp.

Education

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Knex 78620 - Education Intro to Wheels and Axles and Inclined Planes Teachers Guide Manual

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