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Knex 78610 - Education Intro to Levers and Pulleys Teachers Guide Manual

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This list of key terms is intended as background information.
While we recognize that some of these terms are not fundamental
to National Curriculum requirements for Key Stage 2 Design and
Technology and Science, we have nevertheless included them here
to help you better understand some of the concepts investigated in
the K’NEX Understanding Mechanisms kits.
SIMPLE MACHINE
A simple tool used to make jobs easier to do. For example, a lever allows you to apply a
small force to move a much larger load. Try pulling a nail out of a piece of wood without a
claw hammer. A claw hammer uses the lever principle in its design. Other examples of simple
machines are wheels and axles, pulleys, inclined planes or ramps, wedges, and screws.
Simple machines can be used to increase forces or change the direction of a force needed to
make an object move. They are simple because they transfer energy in a single movement.
Simple machines make it easier for you to do jobs by changing the way in which jobs can be
done; they cannot change the job to be done. For example, you can load a heavy object onto
the back of a lorry by lifting it the short vertical distance – a process that will require a lot of
effort. Alternatively, you can take the take the longer but easier route up a ramp with the object.
Either way, the job is done.
In science, when an object is moved by a force work is said to have been done. Simple
machines make it easier for you to do work. Some simple machines allow a small force to
move a large load and are called force amplifiers. For example: crowbars and wheelbarrows.
Other simple machines can be used to convert small, slow movements into large, faster
movements. Such machines are distance or speed amplifiers. A fishing rod used to cast a
hook, or a mediaeval throwing machine, such as a trebuchet, are examples of this application.
COMPOUND MACHINES
These have two or more simple machines working together in their mechanism. For example,
two 1st Class levers make up a pair of scissors, or pliers, while a complex car engine may be
made from several hundred mechanisms.
WORK
Work is a scientific concept and is only done when a force moves an object in the same
direction as the applied force.
If you push against an object and it does not move then, from a scientific point of view, you
will not have done any work. For example, no matter how hard you push in an attempt to
move a car while its brakes are on, you will have not done any work if it has not moved. Once,
however, the brakes have been released and the car starts to move, then you will be doing
work. The amount of work you do depends on the magnitude of the force you apply and the
distance you move the object.
Key Terms and Scientific Definitions
Key�Technical�Terms��
and�Scientific�Definitions
levers and pulleys
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
Education
®
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