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A Quick Guide to Levers
• Effort - the force you apply to the lever
to move an object or to overcome a
resistance. The effort can be a push, pull,
squeeze or lift.
 • Load - the mass of the object you need
to move or the resistance to movement
that must be overcome by the lever. This
object provides the force that acts against
the effort. For example, the weight of a
heavy object to be moved, or a piece of
paper that is resisting the cutting action
of the scissor blades, or friction preventing
a nail from being pulled out of a piece of
wood. In fact, the load can be anything
that provides a resistance to your effort.
What can levers do for us?
Levers can…
• Makejobseasierforustodo.
Lifting or moving a heavy object requires
a large amount of effort. A lever can make
it easier to move the object by reducing
the amount of effort force needed to do
the job. It does this by amplifying the
forces where they are needed. Consider
how you would pull a nail out of a piece
of wood without using a claw hammer,
open a soft drink bottle without a bottle
opener, or move a load of sand without
a wheelbarrow. A clawhammer, bottle
opener and wheelbarrow are each
examples of a lever in action. In each
case they help by reducing the effort
that is needed to perform a specific task.
The longer the lever, the greater the
amplification of the effort forces used
and the easier it is to carry out the job.
Archimedes is supposed to have said,
“Give me a lever long enough and I can
move the Earth”.
• Changethedirectionof
the applied force.
A push down on one side of a seesaw,
for example, results in the opposite side
moving upwards.
• Amplifyordecreasetheamountof
output movement.
For example, a small movement at the
effort end of a car park barrier produces
a large movement at the load end.
A push
up here…
…makes
this side
move down
Education
®
levers and pulleys
website: www.knexeducation.co.uk
6


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