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Appendix
A collection of useful information for the Katadyn watermaker owner
Glossary
Membrane Ptreservative a chemical used to inhibit biological growth in the reverse
osmosis membrane during storage or extended periods of non-use.
Filter a device which removes suspended solids from a fluid stream. A filter is not the same
as a reverse osmosis membrane.
Micron a metric unit of measurement equal to one thousandth of a millimeter, or one
millionth of a meter.
Osmosis the process of diffusion between two water sources through a semipermeable
membrane, resulting in both water sources striving to reach an equilibrium in the concentrations
of dissolved substances.
Pickling a slang term for the process of flushing the membrane with membrane preservative
(see Membrane Preservative).
Potable suitable for drinking, especially water. With regard to a desalinator, it is generally
defined as water with 1500 ppm or lower of dissolved solids that is relatively free of harmful
microorganisms.
PPM parts per million. Used as a measure of the quantities of substances dissolved in water.
Prefilter a filter placed in a desalinator system to remove suspended solids from the feed
water before it reaches the high pressure pump and reverse osmosis membrane.
Pressure Relief Valve a valve that relieves pressure in a system to prevent damage to
system components. In the PowerSurvivor 80E, the relief valve is set to open at 1000 psi, to
prevent damage to the pump and membrane.
Product Freshwater potable water produced by the reverse osmosis process.
PSI pounds per square inch—a unit for measuring pressure.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) a reversal of the natural osmosis process between two fluids
which occurs when water is forced under pressure through a semipermeable membrane. It
produces potable water.
Salinity a measure of the amount of salts, minerals, and other dissolved solids contained in
a water source. Salinity (see TDS) is measured in ppms.
Salt the common name for the chemical sodium chloride. Open-ocean seawater is about 3%
dissolved salt, or about 33,000 ppm of sodium chloride.
Seal a device (such as an o-ring) used to prevent fluid leakage between two system
components.
Semipermeable the characteristic of some materials (e.g., a reverse osmosis membrane)
that makes them relatively porous to some substances while blocking the passage of others.
Unlike normal filters, semipermeable membranes usually operate at the molecular or atomic
level, allowing much finer “filtering” than simple mechanical filters.
TDS Total Dissolved Solids—a type of measure commonly used to indicate the purity of
water, usually expressed in ppms. A standard TDS meter measures only the electrical
conductivity of the water being tested. Therefore, it is only able to measure dissolved
substances that are ionized in solution (e.g., sea salt). In particular, they do not indicate the
presence of non-ionized substances, such as bacteria, viruses and many other soluble
chemicals.
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