Manual Graupner MX-16 HoTT (page 117 of 200) (English)

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Program description: helicopter mixers – model helicopter

Typical throttle curves for different ﬂight phases:

+100% +100% +100%

Output

2 3 4 51

Control travel Control travel Control travel

Hover

Aerobatics 3D

Notes on using the “Throttle limit” function:

We strongly recommend that you make use of the •

throttle limit function (“Transmitter control settings”

menu, page 99). When you use this function the throt-

tle servo is completely disconnected from the throt-

tle / collective pitch stick when the proportional throt-

tle limit control is at its left-hand end-point; the motor

runs at idle and only responds to the Ch 1 trim. This

feature enables you to start the motor from within any

ﬂight phase.

Once the motor is running, turn the throttle limiter

slowly to the opposite end-point, so that full control

of the throttle servo is returned to the throttle / collec-

tive pitch stick. It is important that the throttle limiter

should not restrict the throttle servo at its upper end-

point; you can avoid this by setting the control travel

to +125% in the “Lim” line of the “Transmitter control

settings” menu.

Since electric motors by their nature require no idle •

setting, the only important point when setting up an

electric-powered model helicopter is that the adjust-

ment range of the throttle limiter should be set signiﬁ-

cantly higher and lower than the adjustment range of

the speed controller, which is usually from -100% to

+100%. It may therefore be necessary to set the “Trav-

el” value of the throttle limiter to an appropriate point

in the “Lim” line of the “Transmitter control settings”

menu. However, the throttle curve itself has to be ﬁne-

tuned with the helicopter in ﬂight, just like a glow-pow-

ered machine.

Releasing the full throttle range, and imposing the •

throttle limiter again, trips the switching threshold of

the control switch “C3” (i. e. in either direction); this

switch can be used for automatically starting and

stopping the stopwatch to record the ﬂight time, or

some similar purpose; see page 57.

When you select auto-rotation, the mixer automati-

cally switches the value to a variable pre-set value;

see the section starting on page 124.

Helicopter with speed GOVERNOR (REGULATOR)

In contrast to speed controllers, which simply adjust pow-

er output in the same way as a carburettor, speed gover-

nors maintain a constant rotational speed in the system

which they regulate; they accomplish this by adjusting the

power output as required. In the case of a glow-powered

helicopter the governor automatically controls the throttle

servo; in an electric-powered machine the governor does

the same with the speed controller. For this reason speed

governors do not require a classic throttle curve; they

just need a pre-set rotational speed. Once this is set, the

system rotational speed does not alter unless the system

calls for more power from the motor than is available.

In most cases a speed governor is connected to receiver

output 8; see the receiver socket sequence on page 65. If

this socket is already in use, then the throttle limiter func-

tion is not used, since this only affects output 6 - which is

now not occupied - via the “Ch 1  throttle” mixer.

However, if you wish to be able to exploit the conven-

ience and safety features of the throttle limiter, the speed

governor should be connected to receiver output 6 - in

contrast to the usual socket sequence - and the throttle

curve adjusted so that it can simply assume the role of

the “usual” transmitter control.

In this case the “throttle curve” only determines the

nominal rotational speed of the speed controller, and this

nominal value is required to remain constant over the full

range of collective pitch; for this reason a horizontal line

should be set in the “Ch 1  throttle” mixer, i. e. every

(collective pitch) input value results in the same (“throt-

tle”) output value. The “height” of the line in the graph

determines the nominal system rotational speed.

Initially, then, reference point “3” should be erased, and

reference points “1” (input = 0%) and “5” (input = +100%)

set to the same value; for example:

input

output

point

+65%

ch1

normal

thro

The value to be set varies according to the speed gov-

ernor you are using, and also to the desired nominal

rotational speed; you may wish to vary it, of course, in the

various ﬂight phases.

When you select auto-rotation, the mixer automati-

cally switches the value to a variable pre-set value;

see the section starting on page 124.

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Graupner MX-16 HoTT Manual

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