Manual Graupner MICRO MAGIC 2014 (page 12 of 15) (English)

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GRAUPNER GmbH & Co. KG D-73230 KIRCHHEIM/TECK GERMANY

#0057088

Keine Haftung für Druckfehler. Technische Änderungen vorbehalten! No liability for printing errors. We reserve the right to introduce

modifications. Sous réserve de modifications! Nous ne sommes pas responsables d’éventuelles erreurs d’impression! 11/2006

Sailing

Sailing a model yacht is not difficult once you are familiar with the inter-action between the wind direction, the

boat’s heading and the appropriate sail settings. Before you sail the model for the first time, we recommend that

you read all you can on the theory of sailing, e.g. by reading one of the many books on the subject. The

following section just provides a short, basic introduction to the subject.

The various points of sailing (see sketch; specialist terms are printed in Italics)

A sailing boat can never sail directly into

wind (black arrow (W)). In the 90° sector

(dark grey area) the sails will always

flutter (shiver), and generate no forward

thrust. Only when the boat bears away

to about 45° off the wind direction will it

start to pick up speed with the sails

close-hauled (transition from dark grey

area to light grey area (2a) to (2b)). This

course is termed luffing. A sailing boat

can only make headway into the wind

on this course and with the sails close-

hauled; the procedure is known as

tacking, and involves sailing in a zig-zag

pattern: for a while on the port tack

(mainsail on the left-hand (port) side of

the boat (2a)), then, after going about

(the boat’s bow turns through the wind,

from position (2a) via (1) to (2b)), for a

while on the starboard tack (mainsail on

the right-hand (starboard) side of the

boat (2b)), etc. Fast, efficient tacking

with a sailing boat demands a good eye

and considerable manual skill, and

ranks as the true art of sailing.

The other courses are not so

demanding. If the wind is blowing from

the side, the sails are slackened (paid

out) just to the point where they no

longer shiver, i.e. around 30° to 45°

relative to the boat’s longitudinal axis.

This course is known as sailing with wind abeam ((3a) wind abeam on the port bow / (3b) wind abeam on the

starboard bow).

If the boat bears away even further (bearing away: the boat turns away from the wind, i.e. the stern turns

increasingly in the direction of the wind (II) / luffing: the boat’s bow turns increasingly towards the direction of

the wind (I), ending up on a course with free wind, where the sails are paid out to about 60° to the boat’s

centreline (4a / 4b). The boat only attains its maximum speed on these two headings.

If the boat is sailing directly away from the wind (downwind), we speak of running before the wind. On this

course the sails should be paid out as far as possible (approx. 90° to the boat’s centreline). Differential

pressure conditions on the sails cause the jib to turn to the opposite side to the mainsail by itself, but this

situation can also be generated deliberately by small rudder / course corrections. If the wind is or becomes too

strong, the bow of a sailing boat can very easily be pushed under the water.

If the boat is sailing with free wind, is brought into a position before the wind using the rudder (bearing away),

and is then steered back to a free wind heading using the rudder (approximately at right-angles to the former

course with free wind), the boat is said to have performed a gybe. Gybing is complete when the main boom,

paid out a long way, swings from one side of the boat to the other.

Steering characteristics / Sailing characteristics

Variations in wind pressure make it difficult for a performance-orientated sailing boat to maintain its course by

itself; gusts of wind may cause it to luff up by itself, i.e. turn into the wind to a greater or lesser extent. This can

be prevented by slightly paying out the sails in good time, and also by applying slight opposite rudder if

necessary, until the gust is past. If the boat should bear away, the sails should be paid out at the same time as

the necessary corrective rudder movement is applied. Otherwise, in fairly strong winds the boat will tend simply

to continue stubbornly in a straight line, ignoring the corrective rudder commands. Please note that any sailing

boat will turn uncontrollably into the wind if the breeze is too powerful. This means that the sail area is too

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Graupner MICRO MAGIC 2014 Manual

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