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4. Fuels
4.1 Permissible fuels
Fig. 1: Example of a log pile
Permissible fuels
Inadmissible fuels (examples)
waste
pallets
Firewood: (natural, air-dried,
moisture content max 20%,
Fig. With rule of thumb for
max. O
pressed wood pellet,
wood briquette
(made of untreated wood,
according to DIN 51731
wood chips, wood
pellet
4.1.1 Firewood
Only use untreated, split, well-deposited and air-dry
wood with a residual moisture content of less than
20% (reachable after approx. 2 - 3 years if properly
dried). Only dried can burn wood with low emissi-
ons! Energy is consumed to evaporate the water and
this energy is lost for heating. Wood with a residual
moisture content of about 20% water has approxi-
mately twice the calorific value as freshly cut wood
with a water content of approx. 50%. The higher
water content and lower combustion temperature
increase soot and tar formation. Environmental im-
pacts, higher cleaning eort and possibly damage to
the can plant are the result.
4.1.2 Wood types
Note that wood species dier in their heating beha-
vior.
Hardwoods are good for firewood. They burn o
slowly and with a steady flame. The glow is long las-
ting.
Softwoods are rich in resin and burn o quickly.
When burned, softwoods are more susceptible to
sparking.
4.1.3 Drying and storing fuels properly
cover
woodpile
free ground clearance
Fig. 2: Example of a log pile
The recommended way to properly dry wood is to
store it outside of buildings. Splitted wood dries bet-
ter and shows a better burning behavior.
The log pile is to be erected without contact to the
ground, as this can otherwise pull moisture out of
the ground. If possible, keep the logs on the south
side of a building, protected from precipitation and
store well ventilated. Loosely stack the logs and pile
them up supported on one side. Leave a ventilation
gap between the individual joints (Fig. 2).
When storing fresh or damp wood in enclosed
spaces (e.g. garage) or in packaging without adequa-
te air exchange Drying is prevented and this leads to
sticking and mold of the wood.
Store the logs in a dry and well ventilated room!
4.1.4 Drying time
For the drying of softwood (e.g. softwood, birch), the
orientation value is at least one year and for hard-
wood (e.g. beech, ash) at least two years.
We recommend drying for two to three years. The
actual wood moisture can only be determined using
a wood moisture meter. Wood moisture meters are
available on our website:
http://ersatzteile.schmid.de
8


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