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Page 9
FUNDAMENTALS OF
WATER MAINTENANCE
Testing: Test the water weekly or each time the spa is used with
convenient FRESHWATER 5-way Test Strips or more accurate liquid/
tablet reagent test kit per instructions. Critical parameters: sanitizer
level, pH, Calcium Hardness (CH), and Total Alkalinity (TA). Store test
equipment in a dark, cool, dry place to maintain potency.
Water Filtration: The filtration used in CALDERA spas helps keep
water clean by circulating sanitizer and removing waste from the spa.
Regularly inspect and clean filters for peak performance.
Chemical Balance/pH Control: It is important to adjust the primary
water parameters (Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, pH) into the
recommended ranges so that they are stabilized or balanced. Balance
the water chemistry every time you fill the spa with new water and
then during the life of that body of water. Keeping the water in balance
prevents damage by
holding the pH in a safe
range and preventing
calcium scale formation
on spa equipment. A low
pH can damage metal
components whereas a high
pH can cause high levels
of calcium to form scale.
Your dealer should provide
a detailed water chemistry
orientation soon after your
new spa is filled for the very
first time.
The following three water components must be kept in balance to avoid
damage to the spa. Do balance these components in the order they
are listed here as each will help you balance the next using a minimum
amount of chemicals.
1. Calcium Hardness – is the measure of the amount of dissolved
calcium in the water. Low levels can make the water corrosive
and high levels cause scale formation of spa components. The
recommended CH reading is between
75 - 150 ppm. A hardness between 25 - 75 ppm is recommended
with the FRESHWATER Salt System If the CH level is too
high, lower it with the VANISHING ACT calcium remover per
instructions. Once in balance, the CH reading normally remains
stable until new water is added. Great care must be taken when
filling the spa from a water softener to ensure that the calcium
remains in balance and avoids damage to the spa.
2. Total Alkalinity (TA) - TA is a measure of the waters ability to
resist changes of pH or buffer capacity. A low TA allows the pH to
fluctuate easily. The recommended TA reading is between
40 - 120 ppm. To raise the TA, use pH/Alkalinity Up (sodium
hydrogen carbonate). To lower the TA, use pH/Alkalinity Down
(sodium bisulfate). Once the TA is balanced, it normally remains
stable until the next drain/refill. We recommend you check the TA
reading once per month. Raising/lowering the TA may cause the
pH readings to fluctuate widely. Ignore the pH readings on the test
strip while you are balancing the TA.
3. pH - The pH is the measure of the acidity and alkalinity.
Maintaining the proper pH level will optimize the effectiveness of
the sanitizer, preventing damage to the spa and physical discomfort
for spa users. A low pH dissipates sanitizer, causes corrosion, and
irritates spa users. A high pH level will neutralize sanitizer, promote
scaling and cloud water. The recommended pH reading is between
7.2 - 7.8. To lower the pH level, use pH/Alkalinity Down (sodium
bisulfate). To raise the pH level, use pH/Alkalinity Up (sodium
carbonate).
Water Conditioners: Spa fill water varies from location to location and
user to user, therefore it is important to consult with your dealer for an
appropriate program.
a. VANISHING ACT – High levels of calcium and some minerals
can be removed from the water with the single use VANISHING
ACT. High calcium levels can cause scale formation on the spa
equipment and shell (see page 11 for instructions).
b. CLEAN SCREEN pre-filter –The CLEAN SCREEN pre-flter
should be used at every fill and top-off to remove contaminants
from the fill water, especially iron, copper, and manganese. Many
water sources including well water contain high concentrations of
minerals that can cause staining of the shell and plastics.
c. Stain and Scale control – For water high in calcium and minerals,
it may be necessary to use an anti-scalant like Stain and Scale
control. As water evaporates from your spa and new water is
added, the amount of dissolved minerals like calcium, copper, iron,
and manganese will increase. (Minimize evaporation by keeping
the cover on the spa whenever possible.) High iron or copper
content in the water may produce green or brown stains on the spa.
d. Foam Inhibitors - Soap is introduced into the spa water from users’
bodies and swimming apparel and can cause the spa water to
foam when the jets are used. Low levels of calcium hardness
(soft water) can increase foaming. Although ozone can oxidize
soap residual, it may become necessary to add foam Inhibitors to
suppress the foam. Excessive soap in the water may require a
water change to resolve.
Oxidizers: Ozone and Monopersulfate (MPS) are oxidizers used to
prevent the buildup of contaminants, maximize sanitizer efficiency,
minimize combined chlorine, and improve water clarity. They are to
be used in conjunction with EPA registered sanitizers. The high output,
Corona Discharge ozone system produces a high concentration of
ozone which is injected into the spa water 24 hours per day. Chlorine-
Free Oxidizer, Monopersulfate (MPS) is a granular oxidizing chemical.
Sanitizers: Maintaining the recommended residual level of a national
registered sanitizer at all times will decrease the occurrence of unsafe
bacteria and viruses in your spa water. The recommended Free
Available Chlorine (FAC), the amount of available chlorine sanitizer,
is 3.0 - 5.0 ppm. A low FAC can allow bacteria and viruses to grow
rapidly in the warm water, and a high FAC can cause discomfort to the
users eyes, lungs, and skin. Each sanitizer carries its own instructions
regarding how much to use and when to add it to the spa water.
Consult your dealer for their recommendations and instructions on
proper sanitizing of the spa.
WATKINS WELLNESS recommends the following sanitizer:
FRESHWATER Salt System
Concentrated chlorinating granules (dichlor)
Liquid chlorine (sodium hypochlorite)
WATKINS WELLNESS also approves the following sanitizers:
Biguanide
WARNING: DO NOT use tri-chlor chlorine, bromo-chloro-dimethyl-
hydantoin (BCDMH), or any type of compressed bromine or chlorine,
acid or any type of sanitizer which is not recommended by WATKINS
WELLNESS.
Water Quality and Maintenance
ALKALINE SPA
WATER
(SCALING
ZONE)
ADD pH
DECREASER
TO LOWER
pH
ADD pH
INCREASER
TO RAISE
pH
ACIDIC SPA
WATER
(CORROSIVE
ZONE)
COMFORT
ZONE IDEAL
12


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