Manual Akai XR20 (page 56 of 60) (English)

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UNDERSTANDING RHYTHMIC NOTATION

Measures A piece of music is divided into smaller units called measures (also

called bars), and each measure is divided into beats. In the XR20, each beat is

further sub-divided into 96 sub-beats.

Rhythmic Values for Notes With a measure written in a 4/4 time signature,

there are 4 beats per measure, and each beat represents a quarter (1/4) note.

Thus, there are 4 quarter notes per measure of 4/4 music. With a 3/4 time

signature the "numerator" indicates that there are 3 beats per measure, while the

"denominator" indicates that each of these beats is a quarter note (1/4).

There are two eighth notes per quarter note. Thus, there are eight eighth notes

per measure of 4/4 music.

There are four 16th notes per quarter note. Thus, there are sixteen 16th notes

per measure of 4/4 music.

There are eight 32nd notes per quarter note. Thus, there are thirty-two 32nd

notes per measure of 4/4 music.

There are also notes that span a greater number of beats than quarter notes. A

half note equals two quarter notes. Therefore, there are two half notes per

measure of 4/4 music. A whole note equals four quarter notes, so there is one

whole note per measure of 4/4 music. (We keep referring these notes in 4/4 time

because that is the most commonly used time signature in contemporary

Western music.)

Triplets The above notes divide measures by factors of two. However, there are

some cases where you want to divide a beat into thirds, giving three notes per

beat. Dividing a quarter note by three results in eighth-note triplets. The reason

why we use the term eighth-note triplets is because the eighth note is closest to

the actual rhythmic value. Dividing an eighth note by three results in 16th-note

triplets. Dividing a 16th note by three results in 32nd note triplets.

Rests You can also specify where notes should not be played; this is indicated

by a rest, which can be the same length as any of the rhythmic values used for

notes.

Time Signatures 4/4 (and to a lesser extent 3/4) are the most common time

signatures in our culture, but they are by no means the only ones. In jazz, both

5/4 (where each measure consists of five quarter notes) and 7/4 (where each

measure consists of seven quarter notes) are often used. In practice, complex

time signatures are played like a combination of simpler time signatures; for

example, some 7/4 compositions would have you count each measure not as 1,

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 but as 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3. It's often easier to think of 7/4 as one bar

of 4/4 followed by one bar of 3/4 (or the other way around, depending on the

phrasing), since, as we mentioned, 4/4 and 3/4 are extremely common time

signatures.

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Akai XR20 Manual

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