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Adobe Photoshop CC - 2015 Manual

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Image and color basics
Last updated 11/30/2015
Bitmap images are resolution-dependent—that is, they contain a fixed number of pixels. As a result, they can lose detail
and appear jagged if they are scaled to high magnifications on-screen or if they are printed at a lower resolution than
they were created for.
Bitmap images sometimes require large amounts of storage space, and often need to be compressed to keep file sizes
down when used in certain Creative Suite components. For instance, you compress an image file in its original
application before you import it into a layout.
Note: In Adobe Illustrator, you can create bitmap effects in your artwork using effects and graphic styles.
About vector graphics
Vector graphics (sometimes called vector shapes or vector objects) are made up of lines and curves defined by
mathematical objects called vectors, which describe an image according to its geometric characteristics.
You can freely move or modify vector graphics without losing detail or clarity, because they are resolution-
independent—they maintain crisp edges when resized, printed to a PostScript printer, saved in a PDF file, or imported
into a vector-based graphics application. As a result, vector graphics are the best choice for artwork, such as logos, that
will be used at various sizes and in various output media.
The vector objects you create using the drawing and shape tools in Adobe Creative Suite are examples of vector
graphics. You can use the Copy and Paste commands to duplicate vector graphics between Creative Suite components.
Combining vector graphics and bitmap images
When combining vector graphics and bitmap images in a document, it’s important to remember that how your artwork
looks on-screen isn’t always how it will look in its final medium (whether commercially printed, printed on a desktop
printer, or viewed on the web). The following factors influence the quality of your final artwork:
Transparency Many effects add partially transparent pixels to your artwork. When your artwork contains
transparency, Photoshop performs a process called flattening before printing or exporting. In most cases, the default
flattening process produces excellent results. However, if your artwork contains complex, overlapping areas and you
require high-resolution output, you will probably want to preview the effects of flattening.
Image Resolution The number of pixels per inch (ppi) in a bitmap image. Using too low a resolution for a printed image
results in pixelation—output with large, coarse-looking pixels. Using too high a resolution (pixels smaller than what the
output device can produce) increases the file size without increasing the quality of the printed output, and slows the
printing of the artwork.
Printer resolution and screen frequency The number of ink dots produced per inch (dpi) and the number of lines per
inch (lpi) in a halftone screen. The relationship between image resolution, printer resolution, and screen frequency
determines the quality of detail in the printed image.
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