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4.2 The Edit View 29
Formant Filter
Amplitude (dB)
Frequency (Hz)
F1 F2 F3
Male Voice
Female Voice
Formant Frequencies
Figure 14: Frequency response of the formant filter.
The formant filter reproduces the filtering effect of the vocal tract in the human voice. By
changing the position of the tongue, the opening of the mouth and opening or closing the nasal
cavities one can change the filter applied to the glottal signal and thus produce the different vowels.
Measurements have shown that this filter can be modeled by three peaking EQ filters corresponding
to the three main cavities of the vocal tract as shown in Figure 14 and also known as formants. By
moving the parameters of these three filters (frequency, amplitude and Q-factor) one can cycle
between all the vowels. The effect of the Frequency knob on the formant filter is to offset all the
formants by the same factor and it is used to switch between male voice (left position), female
voice (center) and child (right position). The Resonance knob is used to cycle between vowels.
Note that changing these parameters can be automated by using the different modulation signals.
Filter Drive
As seen in the preceding sections, some filters can boost the signal in some regions of the spectrum.
Theoretically, with a high Q-factor the amplification can reach up to 50dB, but in real life, electronic
components saturate before this level is reached and saturation is introduced in the signal. In other
words, the output signal of a circuit can raise linearly up to a certain value but then begins to raise
more slowly up to a value where the output is clipped to the maximum output value allowed by
the circuit. This effect is typical of the sound signature of vintage circuits and is implemented in
Ultra Analog VA through the Drive control as shown in Figure 15. There are 6 different saturation
patterns implemented, the three first being symmetrical, meaning that the saturation is the same
for positive and negative values of the signal while for the three remaining the distortion pattern
applied is not the same for positive and negative values of the signal.
The distortion algorithms are selected with the Drive drop-down menu and are numbered from
29


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