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APPENDIX
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other
property right claims or to contest validity of an y such claims; this s ection has the sole
purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distrib ution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people ha ve made generous
contributions to the wide range of software distrib uted through that system in reliance
on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or
she is willing to distribute softw are through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is belie ved to be a consequence
of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries
either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who
places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical
distribution limitation e xcluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted
only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License
incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or ne w versions of the
General Public License from time to time. Suc h new v ersions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address ne w problems or
concerns.
Each version is gi ven a distinguishing version number . I f the Program specifies a
version number of this License which applies to it and “any later version”, you hav e the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that v ersion or of any later
version published by the Free Softw are Foundation. If the Program does not specify a
version number of this License, you may choose any v ersion ever publish ed by the Free
Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate part s of the Program into other free programs whose
distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For
software which is copyrighted b y the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will
be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all deriv atives of our
free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO W ARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PR OGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS
NO W ARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LA W . EXCEPT WHEN OTHER WISE ST A TED IN WRITING
THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER P AR TIES PR O VIDE THE
PROGRAM “ AS IS” WITHOUT W ARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED W ARRANTIE S OF MERCHANT ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
P ARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PR O VE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSAR Y SER VICING, REP AIR OR CORRECT ION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LA W OR A GREED
TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER
P ARTY WHO MA Y MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS
PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE T O YOU FOR D AMAGES, INCLUDING
ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENT AL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMA GES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NO T LIMITED TO LOSS OF D A T A OR
DA T A BEING RENDERED INA CCURA TE OR LOS SES SUST AINED BY
YOU OR THIRD P ARTIES OR A F AILURE OF THE P ROGRAM T O
OPERA TE WI TH ANY OTHER PR OGRAMS), EVEN IF SU CH HOLDER OR
OTHER P AR TY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAM AG E S .
END OF TERMS AND COND ITIONS
How to Apply These T erms to Y our New Programs
If you dev elop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the
public, the best way to achiev e this is to make it free software which ev eryone can
redistribute and change under these terms.
T o do so, attach the follo wing notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the
start of each source file to most effecti vely con ve y the exclusion of warranty; and each
file should ha ve at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is
found.
<one line to give the p rogram’s name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) an y later version.
This program is distrib uted in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
W ARRANTY ; without e ven the implied warranty of MERCHANT ABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A P AR TICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
License for more details.
Y ou should have receiv ed a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 T emple Place,
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
Also add information on how to contact you b y electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interacti ve, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an
interact iv e mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with
ABSOLUTEL Y NO W ARRANTY ; for details type ‘show w’. This is free software, and
you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type ‘sho w c’ for details.
The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘sho w c’ should show the appropriate parts
of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called
something other than ‘show w’ and ‘show c’; the y could ev en be mouse-clicks or menu
items–whatev er suits your program.
Y ou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if
any , to sign a “copyright di sclaimer” for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample;
alter the name s:
Y oyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers) writt en by James Hack er .
<signature of T y Coon>, 1 April 1989
T y Coon, President of V ice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more
useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library . If this is what you
want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.
■ GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
V ersion 2.1, February 1999
Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software F oundation, Inc.
59 T emple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distrib ute verbatim copies of this license document,
but changing it is not allo wed.
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts as the successor of
the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the version number 2.1.]
Preamble
The licenses f or most software are designed to take away your freedom to shar e and change
it. By contrast, the GNU Gener al Public Licenses are inte nded to guarantee you r freedom to
share and change free software–t o make sure the software is free for all its us ers.
This license, the Lesser General P ublic License, applies to some specially designated
software packages–typically libraries–of the Free Software Foundation and other
authors who decide to use it. Y ou ca n use it too, b ut we suggest you first think carefully
about whether this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy
to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below .
When we speak of free software, we are referr ing to freedom of use, no t price. Our General
Public Licenses are designed to make sure that yo u have the freedom to distribute copies of
free software (and cha rge for this service if you wish) ; that you receive source code or can
get it if you want it; that yo u can change the software and use pieces of it in new free
programs; and that you ar e informed t hat you can do these thin gs.
T o protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid distribut ors to deny you
these rights or to ask you to surrender these ri ghts. These restrictions translate to certain
responsibilities for you if you distrib ute copies of the library or if you modify it.
For example, if you distrib ute copies of the library , whether gratis or for a fee, you must
give the recipients all the rights that we ga ve you. Y ou must make sure that they , too,
receive or can get the source code. If you link other code with the library , you must
provide complete obje ct files to the reci pients, so that they ca n relink them with the
library after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And you must sho w them
these terms so they kno w their rights.
W e protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the library , and (2) we
offer you this license, which gi ves you legal permission to cop y , distribute and/or
modify the library .
T o protect each distrib utor, we wa nt to make it very clear that there is no warranty for
the free library . Also, if the library is modified by someone else and passed on, the
recipients should know that what they ha ve is not the original ve rsion, so that the
original author’ s reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced
by others.
Finally , software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any free program. W e
wish to make sure that a company cannot effectiv ely restrict the users of a free program
by obtaining a restrictiv e license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that an y
patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full
freedom of use specified in this license.
Most GNU software, including some libraries, is co vered by the ordinary GNU General
Public License. This li cense, the GNU Lesser Genera l Public License, applies to ce rtain
designated libraries, and is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. W e
use this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non-
free programs.
When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a shared library , the
combination of the two is le gally speaking a combined w ork, a deriv ati ve of the original
library . The ordinary General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
entire combination f its its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public License
permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the library .
W e ca ll this license the “Lesser” Gene ral Public Licens e because it does Less to protec t the
user’ s freedom than the ordina ry General Public License. It also pro vides other free
software de velopers Less of an adv antage ov er competing non-free programs. Thes e
disadvantage s are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for man y libraries.