Manual Winora Algemene (page 48 of 140) (English)

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6 Drive System

The drive system includes all bicycle parts that are crucial for the transmis-

sion of the pedalling power to the rear wheel , i.e. bottom bracket,

crankset-chainrings, pedals, sprockets and chain.

 

The gears on your bicycle serve to adjust your pedalling power to the terrain

you are riding on and the desired speed. A low gear (where in the case of

derailleur gears the chains runs on the small chainring and a large sprocket)

allows you to climb steep hills with moderate pedalling force. You must,

however, pedal relatively fast. High gears (large chainring, small sprocket)

are for riding downhill. Every turn of the pedals takes you many metres for-

ward at correspondingly high speed.

Derailleur gears always work according to the following principle:

Large chainring – high/heavy gear – higher transmission

Small chainring – low/easy gear – lower transmission

Large sprocket – low/easy gear – lower transmission

Small sprocket – high/heavy gear – higher transmission

Normally, the shifters are mounted as follows:

Right shifter – sprockets

Left shifter – chainrings

On level ground your pedalling speed, also referred to as cadence, should

be higher than 60 strokes a minute. Racing cyclists pedal at a rate between

90 and 110 strokes a minute on level ground. When climbing uphill, your

cadence will naturally fall off somewhat. Your pedalling should, however,

always remain fluid.

  

The bottom bracket composed of ball bearings, cups, sealing rings

and spindle normally comes as a compact unit. This is to protect the sealed

cartridge bottom bracket against penetrating dirt, water or mud. The com-

pact bottom bracket is maintenance free and delivered without play. Check

the bottom bracket bearing in the bottom bracket shell for play at regular

intervals. The crank arms may come loose in use over time. Regularly check

whether they are firmly attached to the spindle. Grab the crank and try to

jiggle it forcefully. It must be absolutely free of play.

If the crank arms have play, the crankset mounting may sustain

damage. Risk of breakage!

 

Derailleur gears are currently the most effective type of power transmission

on bicycles. With specially designed sprocket teeth, flexible chains and in-

dexed lever positions, gear shifting has become very easy. Some systems

have an indicator on the handlebars showing the currently used gear.

Modern bicycles can have up to 33 speeds. It is not advisable to use gears

which involve an extremely oblique run of the chain, as this reduces power

transmission efficiency and hastens wear of the chain. An unfavourable run

of the chain is when the smallest chainring is used with one of the two or

three outermost (smallest) sprockets  or when the largest chainring is

used with one of the inmost (largest) sprockets .

Always wear straight-cut trousers or use cycle clips or the like

to make sure your trousers do not get caught in the chain or

chainrings.

Shifting gears under load, i.e. while pedalling hard, can make

the chain slip. At the front derailleur the chain may even slip off

the chainrings and result in an accident.

At least the durability of the chain will be shortened considerably.

  





Gear shifting is initiated by actuating a shifter, a combined brake and gear lever

unit or by a short turn of the wrist with the twist grip, as the case may be.

With  shifters pressing the large shifter moves the

chain towards the larger sprockets. Pulling the small lever, located in front

of the handlebars from the rider’s viewpoint and operated with the index

finger (index finger lever) shifts the chain towards the smaller sprockets. This

means that any gear shift made by pushing the large thumb shifter on the

right produces a lower gear, while pressing the large thumb shifter on the

left moves the chain to the larger chainring, thus producing a higher gear.

The  (e.g. XTR from

model 2007 on) work according to the usual Rapidfire principle (see above).

The small index finger lever can be operated with the thumb, as well. The

chain runs to the small chainring or small sprockets. You can shift several

gears with one action. Pulling or pushing the shifting lever shortly results in a

single gear change, pulling or pushing it long leads to two gear shifts.

  derailleurs use a return spring with reversed spring

direction. Shifting with this derailleur is reversed from common derailleurs,

i.e. actuating the big shifter with the right hand leads to a higher gear.

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