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4.13. Compensación automática de la tensión
El cargador compensa la caída de tensión de los cables de CC
aumentando gradualmente la tensión de salida si aumenta la
corriente de carga.
La compensación de tensión establecida es de 100 mV. La
compensación de tensión se amplia con la corriente de carga y se
añade a la tensión de salida. La compensación de tensión se basa en
2 cables de 1 metro, resistencia de contacto y resistencia de fusible.
Ejemplo de cálculo para el 12/50 (1+1):
La resistencia del cable R se puede calcular con la siguiente fórmula:
=×
Donde R es la resistencia en ohmios (Ω), ρ es la resistividad del
cobre (1,786 x 10^-8 Ωm a 25°C), l es la longitud del cable (en m) y A
es el área de la superficie del cable (en m²).
Una distancia muy habitual del cargador a la batería es 1 metro. En
este caso, la longitud del cable es de 2 metros (positivo y negativo).
Si se usa un cable 6 AWG (16 mm²), la resistencia del cable es:
 =1,786 ×10−8 × 2
16 ×10−6 = 2,24 Ω
Se recomienda instalar un fusible cerca de la batería. La resistencia de
un fusible estándar de 80 A es:
 = 0,720 Ω
Ahora se puede calcular la resistencia total del circuito con la siguiente
fórmula:
 = +
Por lo tanto:
 = 2,24 Ω + 0,720 Ω = 2,96 Ω
La compensación necesaria de la caída de tensión en el cable se
puede calcular con la siguiente fórmula:
=×
En la que U es la caída de tensión en voltios (V) e I es la corriente que
pasa por el cable en amperios (A).
Entonces, la caída de tensión será:
=50 × 2,96 Ω =148  para toda la corriente de carga de 50 A.
63


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