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12 - Steaming Milk
Making a latte or a cappuccino requires you to “stretch” milk. That involves using the steam wand to force
a stream of air and steam into the milk causing the milk to increase in volume and viscosity. This is a skill that
can take time to master. Although making stiff, fluffy foam is not hard, getting the fine microfoam that baristas
desire is more difficult.
This process is often referred to as “stretching” because the milk can increase from twenty-five to as much
as fifty percent in volume, or even more! When properly done the process gives the milk an increased sweetness
and adds a delightful flavor to espresso. Adding about four ounces to a double espresso creates a cappuccino and
adding about six ounces to a double creates a latte. Of course, there are no rules you need to follow- add as much
or as little as you like, or make it as thick and stiff as you desire to create the beverage that pleases you or your
guests. That’s the benefit of owning your own espresso machine!
If you have previously owned one of the basic, consumer-oriented machines, it may have been equipped
with an enhancing attachment to the steam wand. These devices suck extra air into the steam and create a stiff
foam which is not usually desired. The steam wand on the Domobar Super has two holes and a lot of steam power.
Careful use of this can create excellent microfoam- injudicious use can splatter milk all over!
Another benefit of the Vibiemme Domobar Super espresso machines is the heat exchanger design. If you
have previously been using one of the many home single-boiler espresso machines and have spent time waiting
for steam to be available, you will immediately appreciate the fact that steam is always available for you with the
Vibiemme.
How To Stretch Milk
1. Begin the preparations by pouring desired amount of milk into your steaming pitcher. There should be at
least an inch or more of milk. The deeper the better, as long as there is room for the milk to swirl without spilling
and to allow room for expansion. Don’t want to stretch that much milk? Use a smaller pitcher to achieve a suf-
ficient starting depth. Having a steaming thermometer in the milk will help you learn the process a lot faster.
You also need to have a small towel or dishrag that has a portion of it soaked but not dripping. This is just to
wipe off the steam wand as soon as it is removed from the milk. Not doing so will bake the milk to the wand and
over time that can be difficult to remove. Fold the rag in quarters so the layers isolate your hand from the heat.
2. Start by purging the steam wand of moisture. Steam condenses back into liquid water in the steam wand’s
plumbing and this must be removed before placing the wand in the pitcher. Open and close the steam valve a
couple of times so that only steam comes out with no blasts of water. If you do not purge the wand, the blast of
water will splash milk all over! Wait for the pressure in the boiler to rise before continuing- it will only take a
few seconds.
CAUTION: Steam is very hot and capable of causing very serious burns. The metal steam wand will
also be very hot and even a brief touch can cause burns. Use the rubber safety cover on the wand when
moving its position! Steam can easily go through a towel or rag, so use care when wiping the wand!
NOTE: When closing either the steam or hot water valve, close them just tight enough to stop leaks
or drips. Over-tightening the valves will shorten the life of the seals inside.
3. Take the already-filled steaming pitcher in hand and get ready. After the last blast when clearing the wand,
and as soon as the boiler pressure rises, place the pitcher under the wand and lift the pitcher until the tip of the
steaming wand is below the surface of the milk, then carefully and slowly open the steam valve.
How much should you open the valve? About 1/4 to 1/2 turn. If you are not accustomed to a commercial-
quality machine you will be surprised at the power of the steam. You do not need to use all that power, and that
is particularly true for new users. At this setting you are getting all the steam power you need and opening it up
further gives no benefit. It actually will be a detriment because it will take a lot longer to stop the steam when the
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