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3. Diving with Galileo
3. Diving with Galileo
3. DIVING WITH GALILEO
3.1 Nitrox
Nitrox is the term used to describe breathing
gasesmadeofoxygen-nitrogenmixeswith
oxygen percentage higher than 21% (air).
Because Nitrox contains less nitrogen
than air, there is less nitrogen loading on
the diver’s body at the same depth as
compared to breathing air.
However, the increase in oxygen
concentration in Nitrox implies an increase
in oxygen partial pressure in the breathing
mix at the same depth. At higher than
atmospheric partial pressures, oxygen can
have toxic effects on the human body. These
can be lumped into two categories:
- Suddeneffectsduetooxygenpartial
pressureover1.4bar.Thesearenot
related to the length of the exposure to
high partial pressure oxygen, and can
vary in terms of the exact level of partial
pressuretheyhappenat.Itiscommonly
accepted that partial pressures up to
1.4bararetolerable,andseveraltraining
agencies advocate maximum oxygen
partialpressuresupto1.6bar.
- Long-exposureeffectstooxygen
partialpressuresover0.5bardueto
repeated and/or long dives. These can
affect the Central Nervous System,
cause damage to lungs or to other vital
organs.
Galileo keeps you safe with respect to these
two effects in the following ways:
1)Against sudden effects: Galileo has
an MOD alarm set for a user-dened
ppO
2
max. As you enter the oxygen
concentration for the dive, Galileo
shows you the corresponding MOD
for the dened ppO
2
max. The default
value of ppO
2
max from the factory is
1.4bar. This can be adjusted to your
preference between 1.2 and 1.6bar.It
can also be turned OFF.Pleasereferto
section 2.3.4 for more information on
how to change this setting.
2)Against longexposureeffects: Galileo
“tracks”theexposurebymeansofthe
CNSO
2
clock. Atlevels of100% and
higher there is risk of long-exposure
effects, and consequently Galileo will
activate an alarm when this level of
CNSO
2
is reached. Galileo can also
warn you when the CNSO
2
level
reaches75%(seesection2.6.2).Note
thatthe CNSO
2
clock is independent
of the value of ppO
2
max set by the
user.
The CNSO
2
clock increases when the
oxygen partial pressure is higher than
0.5bar, and decreases when the oxygen
partialpressureislowerthan0.5bar.Hence,
while on the surface breathing air you will
always be decreasing the CNSO
2
clock.
Duringthedive,thedepthatwhich0.5bar
is reached for various mixes is as follows:
Air: 13m/43ft
32%: 6m/20ft
36%: 4m/13ft
ppO
2
0.21bar
0.5bar
Depth
at which ppO
2
reaches 0.5bar for
three commonly
used mixes
CNS O
2
%
decreases
CNS O
2
%
increases
21% 13m (43ft)
32% 6m (20ft)
36% 4m (13ft)
3.2 Alarms
Galileo can alert you of potentially dangerous
situations via warnings and alarms.
Warnings represent situations that require
the diver’s attention, but ignoring them
does not represent an immediate risk. The
detailed description of each warning and
how it appears on the screen is presented
insection2.6.
Alarms, on the other hand, can not be
turned off because they represent situations
42


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