Manual UTStarcom CDM 8074 - Arc (page 31 of 36) (English)

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58 Appendix Appendix 59

that any health problems are associated with

using wireless phones. There is no proof, however,

that wireless phones are absolutely safe. Wireless

phones emit low levels of radiofrequency energy

(RF) in the microwave range while being used.

They also emit very low levels of RF when in the

standby mode. Whereas high levels of RF can pro-

duce health effects (by heating tissue), exposure to

low level RF that does not produce heating effects

causes no known adverse health effects. Many

studies of low level RF exposures have not found

any biological effects. Some studies have suggest-

ed that some biological effects may occur, but such

findings have not been confirmed by additional

research. In some cases, other researchers have had

difficulty in reproducing those studies, or in deter-

mining the reasons for inconsistent results.

3. What is FDA’s role concerning the safety of

wireless phones?

Under the law, FDA does not review the safety of

radiation-emitting consumer products such as wire-

less phones before they can be sold, as it does with

new drugs or medical devices. However, the agen-

cy has authority to take action if wireless phones

are shown to emit radiofrequency energy (RF) at a

level that is hazardous to the user. In such a case,

FDA could require the manufacturers of wireless

phones to notify users of the health hazard and

to repair, replace or recall the phones so that the

hazard no longer exists.

Although the existing scientific data do not justify

FDA regulatory actions, FDA has urged the wireless

phone industry to take a number of steps, includ-

ing the following:

•

Support needed research into possible biologi-

cal effects of RF of the type emitted by wireless

phones;

•

Design wireless phones in a way that minimizes

any RF exposure to the user that is not neces-

sary for device function; and

•

Cooperate in providing users of wireless phones

with the best possible information on possible

effects of wireless phone use on human health

FDA belongs to an interagency working group

of the federal agencies that have responsibil-

ity for different aspects of RF safety to ensure

coordinated efforts at the federal level. The fol-

lowing agencies belong to this working group:

•

National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health

•

Environmental Protection Agency

•

Federal Communications Commission

•

Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

•

National Telecommunications and

Information Administration

The National Institutes of Health participates in

some interagency working group activities, as well.

FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wire-

less phones with the Federal Communications

Commission (FCC).

All phones that are sold in the United States must

comply with FCC safety guidelines that limit RF

exposure.

FCC relies on FDA and other health agencies for

safety questions about wireless phones.

FCC also regulates the base stations that the wire-

less phone networks rely upon. While these base

stations operate at higher power than do the

wireless phones themselves, the RF exposures that

people get from these base stations are typically

thousands of times lower than those they can get

from wireless phones. Base stations are thus not

the primary subject of the safety questions dis-

cussed in this document.

4. What are the results of the research done

already?

The research done thus far has produced conflict-

ing results, and many studies have suffered from

flaws in their research methods. Animal experi-

ments investigating the effects of radiofrequency

energy (RF) exposures characteristic of wireless

phones have yielded conflicting results that often

cannot be repeated in other laboratories. A few

animal studies, however, have suggested that low

levels of RF could accelerate the development of

cancer in laboratory animal.

5. What research is needed to decide whether RF

exposure from wireless phones poses a health

risk?

A combination of laboratory studies and epide-

miological studies of people actually using wireless

phones would provide some of the data that are

needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could be

completed in a few years.

However, very large numbers of animals would

be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer

promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological

studies can provide data that is directly applicable

to human populations, but 10 or more years’ fol-

low-up may be needed to provide answers about

some health effects, such as cancer. This is because

the interval between the time of exposure to a

cancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop

- if they do - may be many, many years. The inter-

pretation of epidemiological studies is hampered

by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure

during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Many

factors affect this measurement, such as the angle

at which the phone is held, or which model of

phone is used.

6. What is FDA doing to find out more about the

possible health effects of wireless phone RF?

FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology

Program and with groups of investigators around

the world to ensure that high priority animal stud-

ies are conducted to address important questions

about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency

energy (RF).

FDA has been a leading participant in the World

Health Organization International Electromagnetic

Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in 1996. An

influential result of this work has been the devel-

opment of a detailed agenda of research needs

that has driven the establishment of new research

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