9225=,&+7,*
ದ =HWKHWWRHVWHORSHHQVWHYLJHYODNNHRQGHUJURQG
ದ =RUJYRRUHHQEHVFKHUPHQGHODDJRQGHUKHWWRHVWHORPVFKDGHDDQ
KHWYORHURSSHUYODNWHYRRUNRPHQ
ದ +RXGPLQVWHQVFPYULMHUXLPWHDFKWHUKHWWRHVWHOFPYRRU
KHWWRHVWHOHQFPDDQGH]LMNDQWHQYDQKHWWRHVWHO
ႛ 5DDGSOHHJGHLOOXVWUDWLHVYRRUGHMXLVWHDVVHPEODJHYDQKHWWRHVWHO
7UDLQLQJHQ
'HWUDLQLQJPRHWOLFKWJHQRHJ]LMQPDDUZHOODQJGXULJ$HURELVFKHWUDLQLQJLV
JHEDVHHUGRSYHUEHWHULQJYDQGHPD[LPDOH]XXUVWRIRSQDPHYDQKHWOLFKDDPGLH
GDQKHWXLWKRXGLQJVYHUPRJHQHQGHFRQGLWLHZHHUYHUEHWHUW8PRHWWLMGHQVGH
WUDLQLQJZHOWUDQVSLUHUHQPDDUXPDJQLHWEXLWHQDGHPUDNHQ
9RRUKHWEHUHLNHQHQLQVWDQGKRXGHQYDQHHQEDVLVFRQGLWLHPRHWXPLQVWHQVGULH
NHHUSHUZHHNVWHHGVPLQXWHQWUDLQHQ9HUKRRJKHWDDQWDOWUDLQLQJVVHVVLHVWHU
YHUEHWHULQJYDQXZFRQGLWLH+HWLVGHPRHLWHZDDUGRPUHJHOPDWLJH
OLFKDDPVEHZHJLQJPHWJH]RQGHYRHGLQJWHFRPELQHUHQ,HPDQGGLH]LFKJRHGDDQ
HHQGLHHWKRXGW]RXHONHGDJPRHWHQWUDLQHQWHEHJLQQHQPHWPLQXWHQRINRUWHU
HQGHGDJHOLMNVHWUDLQLQJVGXXUJHOHLGHOLMNRSYRHUHQWRW««QXXU%HJLQXZWUDLQLQJELM
HHQODJHVQHOKHLGHQHHQODJHZHHUVWDQGRPWHYRRUNRPHQGDWXZKDUWHQ
EORHGYDWHQWHVWHUNEHODVWZRUGHQ1DDUPDWHXZFRQGLWLHYHUEHWHUWNXQQHQVQHOKHLG
HQZHHUVWDQGJHOHLGHOLMNZRUGHQYHUKRRJG'HGRHOPDWLJKHLGYDQXZWUDLQLQJNDQ
ZRUGHQJHPHWHQGRRUXZKDUWVODJ
+DUWVODJPHWLQJKDQGJUHHSVHQVRUHQ
'HKDUWVODJZRUGWJHPHWHQGRRUVHQVRUHQLQGHKDQGJUHSHQZDQQHHUGHJHEUXLNHU
EHLGHVHQVRUHQWHJHOLMNHUWLMGDDQUDDNW
:$$56&+8:,1*
ದ +DUWVODJEHZDNLQJVV\VWHPHQNXQQHQRQQDXZNHXULJ]LMQ2YHUPDWLJ
WUDLQHQNDQOHLGHQWRWHUQVWLJOHWVHORIGHGRRG$OVX]LFKGXL]HOLJ
YRHOWVWRSGDQRQPLGGHOOLMNPHWWUDLQHQ
1/
581