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5
4QQOENKOCVGNKOKVUQHVJGFK
ƛ
GTGPVOGVJQFU
30 % RH20 % RH10 % RH5 %
51015202530
50 % RH
40 °C
30 °C
20 °C
10 °C
0 °C
70 % RH
100 % RH
Relative
humidity RH
#KTVGORGTCVWTG
9CVGTXCRQWTEQPVGPVQHVJGCKTIMI
I
LLUSTRATI
O
N
©
TROTEC
&GUKEECPVFGJWOKFKƜGTU
4GHTKIGTCPVFT[GTUYKVJCKTEKTEWNCVKQP
JQVICUFGHTQUVKPI
4GHTKIGTCPVFT[GTUYKVJJQVICUFGHTQUVKPI
CONDENSATION
As alread
y
shown in the saturation curve o
n
p
a
g
e 3, the water absor
p
tion ca
p
acit
y
o
f
th
e
air solel
y
de
p
ends on its tem
p
erature. Th
e
l
ower t
h
e temperature, t
h
e
l
ess water can
b
e
bound by the air.
But what happens if the air enriched with water
cools down abruptly, for example due to co
n
-
tact with a colder surface?
In this case
,
the saturation limit of 100 % RH i
s
excee
d
e
d
an
d
t
h
e air can no
l
on
g
er
b
in
d
t
he
excessive moisture, w
h
ic
h
conse
q
uent
ly
co
n
-
denses on the cold surface and turns into water.
Ev
e
n air ha
s
t
o
b
l
o
w
o
ff
s
t
e
am
so
m
e
tim
es
Since t
h
e water vapour con
d
enses to water at
this temperature limit, it is referred to as th
e
dew point. You certainly know this phenomeno
n
from cold glass bottles in the summer on which
condensate forms, or from fogged window
panes in the winter as well as bathroom mirrors
while you are taking a shower. Even the fogg
y
morning dew is a visible sign of moisture-sat
u
-
r
a
t
ed
co
l
d
a
ir.
So when air cools down
,
it can absorb less wate
r
vapour and the excessive moisture condense
s
o
n th
e
co
l
de
r
su
rf
aces.
This is the physical principle condenser dryers
also known as refrigerant dryers – are base
d
on. They cool down the air flowing through the
device to below its dew point and withdraw
the moisture contained therein by condens
a
-
ti
o
n
o
n
a
co
l
d
su
rf
ace.
The market oer for refrigerant dryers ranges
from powerful condenser dryers with compre
s
-
sor technology – so-called refrigerant compre
s
-
sion
d
ryers – to extreme
l
y compact e
l
ectric or
Peltier dehumidi
ers with a low absolute energy
d
eman
d
,
h
owever, a
l
so a consi
d
era
bl
y
l
owe
r
active power an
d
a su
b
stantia
ll
y poorer energ
y
b
a
l
ance.
Simply put, electric dehumidi
ers require
f
ou
r
times more energy t
h
an compressor
d
evice
s
to draw one litre o
f
water
f
rom the air.
DESICCATION
W
hile the dehumidi
cation
p
rocess is based
o
n the dew
p
oint in case o
f
condensation dr
y
-
e
rs, desiccant dehumidifiers use the
p
rinci
p
le
of
sorption. Here, the vapour pressure gradient
b
etween the humid air and a hygroscopic sorp
-
t
ion agent is used for water withdrawal from
th
e air.
T
his category also includes dehumidification
g
ranules, although they are at best suited for
k
ee
p
in
g
the inside of small, closed container
s
d
r
y
.
G
ranules
a rath
e
r
b
lan
d
so
l
u
ti
on
T
he ori
g
inal and main
p
ur
p
ose of these
pouc
h
es is to temporari
l
y protect moisture-sen
-
sitive goods during transport and storage. Ev
-
e
ryone knows the little bags that come in new
h
andbags, electronic devices, pharmaceutical
s
o
r clothing.
T
herefore, granules do not serve as a true alte
r
-
n
ative to dehumidifiers. Moreover, they are an
u
neconomical single-use solution requiring th
e
u
ser to regularly buy fresh granule bags for the
r
eceptacle since the granules are not regene
r
-
a
ted. Much like a sponge, the desiccant perma
-
n
ently absorbs water from the air and must b
e
r
eplaced as soon as it is saturated – a highly
c
ost-intensive and environmentally harmful pro
-
c
edure in the long run
.
T
h
e
case
i
s
d
i
e
r
e
nt with
e
l
ec
tri
ca
l
de
vi
ces
wit
h
h
ot air regeneration. They have an integrated
,
r
otating desiccant wheel coated with highly hy
-
g
roscopic materials such as silica gel or lithiu
m
c
hl
o
ri
de
th
a
t with
d
r
a
w th
e
w
a
t
e
r m
o
l
ecu
l
es
f
rom the sucked in air flowing through the des-
icca
nt wh
ee
l
.
T
o ensure t
h
at t
h
e
d
esiccant w
h
ee
l
can ta
k
e up
m
oisture continuous
l
y, t
h
e
l
atter must
b
e given
o
again in some way. This is done by hot air
g
eneration:
h
ot air is gui
d
e
d
t
h
roug
h
a regene
r
-
a
tion zone o
f
the desiccant wheel and uses it
s
th
erma
l
energy to remove t
h
e water vapour pre
-
viously bound in the rotor
f
rom the silica gel.
Whether a hot shower, the mornin
g
d
ew or co
ld
d
r
i
n
k
s, con
d
ensat
i
on
is omni
p
resent in ever
y
da
y
life
.
Dam
p
air reaches a colder enviro
n
-
m
e
nt
o
r
su
r
face
a
n
d
co
n
de
n
ses
the functional principle of refri
g
eran
t
d
ryers
.
C
at litter, too, works on the principle
of desiccation. The extremely
hygroscopic material soaks up any
type of humidity and must b
e
changed regularly.
5


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