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E x h i b i t B
GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE V ersion 2.1, February 1999
Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Softwar e Foundation, Inc. 59 T emple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is per mitted to
copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the fi rst released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
version number 2.1.]
Pre amble
The lic enses for most s o f tware are designed to ta k e away your
freedo m to share and change it. By co ntrast, the GN U General
Public Lic enses are intended to guarantee your freed om to share
and change f r ee sof tware – to make sure the s oft war e is free for all it s
users.
This licens e , the Lesse r General P ublic License, applies to som e
specially designated s o f tware packages – t ypically libraries – of the
Free Sof tware F oundation and oth er authors wh o decide to use it. Y ou
can use i t too, but we sugge st you fi rst think carefully abo ut whether
this license o r the ordinar y General Public Lic ense is the better
strategy to use in any par ticular case, based on the explanati ons
below .
Whe n we speak of free s oft war e, we are referring to freedom of
use, not price. O ur General Public Lic enses are designed to make
sure that you have the freedo m to distribute copies of free sof tware
( and charge for this se rvice if you w ish ); that yo u r eceive sou r ce code
or can g et it if you want it; that yo u can change the s oft war e and use
pieces of it in n e w free programs; and t hat you are informed th at you
can do these things.
T o protect your rights, we n eed to make restrictions that forbid
distributors to d en y you the se rights or to ask you to surrender th ese
rights. Thes e r estrictions tran slat e to cert ain r esponsibilitie s for you if
you distribute co pies of the library or i f you modi fy it.
For example, if yo u distribute copies of the librar y , whether gratis
or for a fee, you m ust give the recipients all the rights that we gave
you. Y ou must ma k e su r e that they , too, receive or ca n get the
source co de. If you link other cod e with the libra ry , you m ust provide
complete ob ject fi les to t he r ecipients, so t h at they can relink t hem
with the librar y after m aking changes to the librar y and recompiling it .
And yo u must show them the se t erms s o they know th eir rights.
We protect your rights with a t wo- st ep metho d : (1 ) we copyright
the librar y , and (2 ) we of f er you this licens e , which gives you le gal
permis sion to copy , distribute and / or modi fy the librar y .
T o protect each distribu tor , we want to ma k e i t very cl ear that
there is no warrant y for the free librar y . Als o , if the librar y is modifi ed
by some one else and passed o n, the recipients should kn ow that
what they have is not the or iginal v ersion, so t hat the original autho r' s
reputation w i ll not be af f ected by problems that might b e introduced
by ot her s.
Finally, soft ware pat ents pos e a consta nt threat to the existence
of any free program. We wish to make sure that a co mpany cannot
ef f ectively restrict the use rs of a fr ee program by obtaining a
restrictive license fro m a patent holder . The r efore, we insist that any
patent license obta ined for a version of the librar y must be consistent
with the f ull fr eedo m of use specifi ed in this license.
Most G NU sof tware, including som e libraries, is covered by the
ordinar y GN U General Public Lice nse. This license, the G NU Lesser
Gene r al Public Lice nse , applies to cer tain designated libraries, and is
quite dif f erent from the ordinar y General Public L icense. We use this
license for c ertain libraries in order to pe rmit linking those librarie s into
non-free prog rams.
Whe n a program is linked with a librar y , whether st atically or using
a shared librar y , the com b ination of the t wo is legally speak i ng a
combin ed work, a de riv ative of the original librar y . The ordinar y
Gene r al Public Lice nse therefore permits such linking o nly if the entire
combination fi ts its criteria of freedom. T he Lesser Gene r al Public
Licens e permits more la x crit eria for link ing other code with th e libr ary.
We call this license th e "Lesse r" General Public L icense because
it does Le ss to prot ect the user ' s freedom tha n the ordinary Ge neral
Public Lic ense. It also provides other free s oft war e developers
Less of an advant age over competing no n-free programs . These
disadvantages a r e the reason we use t he ordinary Gen er al Public
Licens e for many libraries. However , the Le sser license provides
advantages in ce rtain special circumsta nces.
For example, on rare occ asions, there may be a special need
to enco ur age the wide st possible use of a cer tain librar y , so that it
beco mes a de-facto st andar d. T oachieve this, no n-free programs
must be allowe d to use the library. A more frequent cas e is that a free
library d oes the same j ob as widely used non -free libraries. In this
case, the r e is little to gain by limi ting the free library to free s o f tware
only , so we use th e Lesser General P ublic License.
In other cas es, permission to us e a particular librar y in non-free
programs enabl es a gr eater number of pe ople to use a large body of
free sof tware. For exam ple , permis sion to use the G NU C Librar y in
non -free programs ena bles many more peo p le to use th e whole GN U
operating system, as well as it s v ariant, the G NU/L inux operating
system .
Altho ugh the Lesser Gene r al Public Licens e is Less prot ective of
the user s ' f r eedom, it d oes ensure that the use r of a program that is
linked with the L ibr ar y has the freedom and t he wherewithal to run
that program using a m odifi ed version of the Librar y .
The precise term s and conditions fo r copying, distribution and
modifi cation follow. Pay close attenti on to the dif f erence bet ween a
"wo rk based on the librar y" and a " w ork that u ses the library " . T he
forme r cont ains code derived from the librar y , whe r eas the lat t er must
be com b ined with t he libr ar y in or der to run.
GN U LESS ER GEN ERA L PUBLI C LIC ENS E TERM S
AN D COND IT ION S FOR COPY ING , DI STR IBUT ION A ND
MODIFICA TION
0. T his License Agreeme nt applies to any soft ware library or ot her
program which co ntains a notice placed by the copyright holde r or
other aut horized part y saying it may be distributed under the terms of
this Lesse r General P u blic Licens e ( also called " this Licens e "). Each
licensee is address ed as "you" .
A "librar y" mean s a collection of sof twa r e function s and/ or data
prepared so as to be conveniently linked with applic ation programs
(which use som e of those f unctions and data) to form executabl es.
The " Librar y" , b elow , refers to any such so ftwa r e library o r work
which has been dist ribut ed under th ese t erms. A " work based on
the Librar y" means ei ther the Librar y or any derivative work under
copyright law: that is to say , a work cont aining the Library o r a
por tion of it, eithe r verbatim or with m odifi cations and/or transl ated
straightfo rwardly into anothe r language. (Hereinafter , translation is
included with out limitation in th e t erm "modi fi ca tion" . )
" Source code" for a wo rk means the preferred for m of the work for
making modifi cations to it. Fo r a libr ar y , complete so ur ce code m eans
all the sou r ce code for all m odules it contains, plus a n y associated
interface defi nitio n fi les, plus the scripts us ed to control com p ilation
and installatio n of the librar y .
Activities othe r than copying, distribution and m odifi cation are not
covered by this License; they are outside its sc ope. The act of running
a program using the L i brary is n ot r estricted, and output f r om such a
program is covered only if its c ontents constitute a work base d on the
Librar y ( independ ent of the use of the Librar y in a tool for w r iting it).
Whet her that is true depe nds on what the Librar y does and w hat the
program that use s the Librar y does.
1 . Y ou m a y copy and distribute verbatim copies of t he Library's
com p lete source co de as you receive it, in any medium , pr ovided
that you co nspicuously and appropriately publis h on each copy an
appropriate copyright notice a nd disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
all the notic es that ref er to this Lic ense and to the absen ce of any
warrant y ; and distribute a copy of this Li cense along with the L ibr ar y .
Y ou m a y charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a c op y ,
and you may at you r option of fer warranty protectio n in exchange for
a fee.
2. Y o u ma y modif y your copy or c opies of the Librar y or any
por tion of it, thus fo rming a work based on t he Library , and copy and
distribute such modi fi cati ons or work under t he t erms of S ection 1
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