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WELDINGOPERATIONSWITHDIRECTCURRENT
Connecting the electrode-holder clamp welding cable
On the end take a special terminal that is used to close the uncovered
part of the electrode.
This cable is connected to the terminal with the symbol (+).
Connecting the welding current return cable
This is connected to the piece being welded or to the metal bench
supporting it, as close as possible to the join being made.
This cable is connected to the terminal with the symbol (-).
Warnings:
- Turn the welding cable connectors right down into the quick
connections (if present), to ensure a perfect electrical contact;
otherwise the connectors themselves will overheat, resulting in
their rapid deterioration and loss of efciency.
- The welding cables should be as short as possible.
- Do not use metal structures which are not part of the workpiece
to substitute the return cable of the welding current: this could
jeopardise safety and result in poor welding.
6.WELDING:DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPROCEDURE
These welding machines are direct current power sources, suitable
for arc welding using electrodes with a range of coatings (rutile, acid,
basic).
To switch on the welding machine turn the main switch (FIG.
B (3)).
The output welding current intensity can be adjusted continuously,
using a manually operated magnetic shunt (FIG. B (1)).
The value of the current setting (I
2
) can be read on the graduated
scale in Amps (FIG. B (4)) on the front panel.
The current shown corresponds to the arc voltage (U
2
) according to
the following relationship:
U
2
= (20 + 0.04 I
2
) V (EN 60974).
WELDING
- Almost all stick electrodes are to be connected to the positive pole
(+) of the power source, only exceptionally to the negative pole (-)
(acid covering).
- It is most important that the user refers to the maker’s instructions
indicated on the stick electrode packaging. This will indicate the
correct polarity of the stick electrode and the most suitable current.
- The welding current must be regulated according to the diameter of
the electrode in use and the type of the joint to be carried out: see
below the currents corresponding to various electrode diameters:
ØElectrode(mm) Weldingcurrent(A)
min. max.
1.6 25 - 50
2 40 - 80
2.5 60 - 110
3.2 80 - 160
4 120 - 200
5 150 - 250
6 200 - 350
8 350 - 550
- The user must consider that, according to the electrode diameter,
higher current values must be used for at welding, whereas for
vertical or overhead welds lower current values are necessary.
- In addition to being determined by the selected current intensity,
the mechanical characteristics of the welded join are determined
by the other welding parameters i.e. arc length, working rate and
position, electrode diameter and quality (to store the electrodes
correctly keep them dry and protected by suitable packaging or
containers).
Weldingprocedure
- Holding the mask IN FRONT OF THE FACE, strike the electrode
tip on the workpiece as if you were striking a match. This is the
correct strike-up method.
WARNING: do not hit the electrode on the workpiece, this
coulddamagetheelectrodeandmakestrike-updifcult.
- As soon as arc is ignited, try to maintain a distance from the
workpiece equal to the diameter of the electrode in use. Keep this
distance as much constant as possible for the duration of the weld.
Remember that the angle of the electrode as it advances should be
of 20-30 grades
(Fig. H).
- At the end of the weld bead, bring the end of the electrode
backward, in order to ll the weld crater, quickly lift the electrode
from the weld pool to extinguish the arc.
CHARACTERISTICSOFTHEWELDBEAD
Fig. I
7. MAINTENANCE
WARNING! BEFORE CARRYING OUT MAINTENANCE
OPERATIONS MAKE SURE THE WELDING MACHINE IS
SWITCHED OFF AND DISCONNECTED FROM THE MAIN
POWERSUPPLY.
EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE
EXTRAORDINARY MAINTENANCE MUST ONLY BE CARRIED
OUT BYTECHNICIANS WHOARE EXPERT OR QUALIFIED IN
THE ELECTRIC-MECHANICAL FIELD, AND IN FULL RESPECT
OF THE IEC/EN 60974-4 TECHNICAL DIRECTIVE.
WARNING! BEFORE REMOVING THE WELDING
MACHINE PANELS AND WORKING INSIDE THE MACHINE
MAKESURETHEWELDINGMACHINEISSWITCHEDOFFAND
DISCONNECTEDFROMTHEMAINPOWERSUPPLYOUTLET.
Ifchecksaremadeinsidetheweldingmachinewhileitislive,
this may cause serious electric shock due to direct contact with
livepartsand/orinjuryduetodirectcontactwithmovingparts.
- Inspect the welding machine regularly, with a frequency depending
on use and the dustiness of the environment, and remove the dust
deposited on the transformer, using a jet of dry compressed air
(max. 10 bar).
- At the same time make sure the electrical connections are tight and
check the wiring for damage to the insulation.
- At the end of these operations re-assemble the panels of the
welding machine and screw the fastening screws right down.
- Never, ever carry out welding operations while the welding machine
is open.
- If necessary use a very thin layer of grease, at a high temperature,
to lubricate the moving parts of the regulators (threaded shaft,
sliding surfaces, shunts etc.).
- After having carried out maintenance or repairs, restore the
connections and wiring as they were before, making sure they do
not come into contact with moving parts or parts that can reach high
temperatures. Tie all the wires as they were before, being careful
to keep the high voltage connections of the primary transformer
separate from the low voltage ones of the secondary transformer.
Use all the original washers and screws when closing the casing.
7


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