Manual Suse openSUSE 12.1 (page 244 of 282) (English)

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18.5.2 Using Variable Substitution

Variable substitutions apply a pattern to the content of a variable either from the

left or right side. The following list contains the possible syntax forms:

${VAR#pattern}

removes the shortest possible match from the left:

file=/home/tux/book/book.tar.bz2

echo ${file#*/}

home/tux/book/book.tar.bz2

${VAR##pattern}

removes the longest possible match from the left:

file=/home/tux/book/book.tar.bz2

echo ${file##*/}

book.tar.bz2

${VAR%pattern}

removes the shortest possible match from the right:

file=/home/tux/book/book.tar.bz2

echo ${file%.*}

/home/tux/book/book.tar

${VAR%%pattern}

removes the longest possible match from the right:

file=/home/tux/book/book.tar.bz2

echo ${file%%.*}

/home/tux/book/book

${VAR/pattern_1/pattern_2}

substitutes the content of

VAR

from the

pattern_1

with

pattern_2

file=/home/tux/book/book.tar.bz2

echo ${file/tux/wilber}

/home/wilber/book/book.tar.bz2

18.6 Grouping And Combining Commands

Shells allow you to concatenate and group commands for conditional execution. Each

command returns an exit code which determines the success or failure of its operation.

If it is 0 (zero) the command was successful, everything else marks an error which

is specic to the command.

The following list shows, how commands can be grouped:

232 Start-Up

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