Manual Specialized 2007 (page 49 of 60) (English)

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For your safety, understanding and communication with your dealer,

we urge you to read this Appendix in its entirety. The materials used

to make your bike determine how and how frequently to inspect.

Ignoring this WARNING can lead to frame, fork or other component

failure, which can result in serious injury or death.

A. Understanding metals

Steel is the traditional material for building bicycle frames. It has good

characteristics, but in high performance bicycles, steel has been largely

replaced by aluminum and some titanium. The main factor driving this change is

interest by cycling enthusiasts in lighter bicycles.

Properties of Metals

Please understand that there is no simple statement that can be made that

characterizes the use of different metals for bicycles. What is true is how the

metal chosen is applied is much more important than the material alone. One

must look at the way the bike is designed, tested, manufactured, supported along

with the characteristics of the metal rather than seeking a simplistic answer.

Metals vary widely in their resistance to corrosion. Steel must be protected

or rust will attack it. Aluminum and Titanium quickly develop an oxide ﬁlm that

protects the metal from further corrosion. Both are therefore quite resistant to

corrosion. Aluminum is not perfectly corrosion resistant, and particular care

must be used where it contacts other metals and galvanic corrosion can occur.

Metals are comparatively ductile. Ductile means bending, buckling and stretching

before breaking. Generally speaking, of the common bicycle frame building

materials steel is the most ductile, titanium less ductile, followed by aluminum.

Metals vary in density. Density is weight per unit of material. Steel

weighs 7.8 grams/cm3 (grams per cubic centimeter), titanium 4.5 grams/

cm3, aluminum 2.75 grams/cm3. Contrast these numbers with carbon

ﬁber composite at 1.45 grams/cm3.

Metals are subject to fatigue. With enough cycles of use, at high enough

loads, metals will eventually develop cracks that lead to failure. It is very

important that you read The basics of metal fatigue below.

Let’s say you hit a curb, ditch, rock, car, another cyclist or other object. At any

speed above a fast walk, your body will continue to move forward, momentum

carrying you over the front of the bike. You cannot and will not stay on the bike,

and what happens to the frame, fork and other components is irrelevant to what

happens to your body.

What should you expect from your metal frame? It depends on many

complex factors, which is why we tell you that crashworthiness cannot be a

design criteria. With that important note, we can tell you that if the impact is

hard enough the fork or frame may be bent or buckled. On a steel bike, the steel

fork may be severely bent and the frame undamaged. Aluminum is less ductile

than steel, but you can expect the fork and frame to be bent or buckled. Hit

harder and the top tube may be broken in tension and the down tube buckled.

Hit harder and the top tube may be broken, the down tube buckled and broken,

leaving the head tube and fork separated from the main triangle.

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Others manual(s) of Specialized 2007

Specialized 2007 User Manual - German - 60 pages

Specialized 2007 User Manual - Dutch - 68 pages

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Specialized 2007 Manual

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