Manual Sony CDP-XA50ES (page 9 of 112) (English, French, Swedish, Spanish)

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Cascade type and direct type

There are two methods of digital filter oversampling:

the cascade type and direct type. The cascade type

multiplies the signal by eight in three stages, and the

direct type multiplies the signal by eight in one step.

Cascade filters have a high calculation efficiency, and

can realise steep, high-precision sharp roll-off

characteristics. Moreover, the ICs in this player use the

full feed-forward (FF) method between each of the

stages to improve the accuracy of the information

transfer.

On the other hand, eightfold oversampling data can be

obtained in one step with direct filters and there is no

loss during transfer between calculation stages.

However, since such circuits are extremely large, this

player can only support slow roll-off filters.

2 2 2

Characteristics of each digital filter

The following are the settings and characteristics for

each of the five digital filters. Use this information to

select the filter you want.

STD: Standard

This is a sharp roll-off, cascade type filter. It has the

same characteristics as the digital filters that have long

been used in Sony’s high-end units and has a sharp

cutoff that reaches –120 dB at 24 kHz. This filter uses

the full feed-forward method between the calculation

stages and gives the sound a wide range and ample

spatial representation.

1: Spline

This is a slow roll-off, cascade type filter that uses a

cubic spline function for interpolation. The spline

function features smoother connections between

points, and among spline functions, the cubic filter is

the most straightforward. Ringing in the impulse

response for this filter is much lower than for a sharp

roll-off type filter. With this filter, the sound image is

clear and sound reproduction is smooth.

2: Plain

This is a slow roll-off, direct type filter. It features an

absence of quantization between the digital filter

output and the D/A converter input.

Direct type calculations are used within the digital

filter and the bit length for the digital filter output and

the D/A converter input are the same, so no

requantization noise is generated between the digital

filter and the D/A converter. This means that, of the

16-bit information taken from the disc, elements up to

20 kHz are input as far as the D/A converter without

any nonlinear operation. This reproduces a sound with

high clarity and strength.

Sharp roll-off filter

Slow roll-off filter

Pre-ringing Post-ringing Pre-ringing

Post-ringing

Comparison of impulse response for sharp roll-off filter

and slow roll-off filter

IN OUT

FF FF

Sharp roll-off filters steeply cut off the noise generated

during sampling over 22.05 kHz. This is a superior way

of completely reproducing signals below 20 kHz: the

basic principle behind digital audio.

On the other hand, slow roll-off filters cut off the noise

generated during sampling gradually, and are able to

hold pre-ringing and post-ringing (a kind of sound

smearing) in the impulse response signal to a

minimum.

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Sony CDP-XA50ES Manual

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