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Siemens LOGO Soft Comfort Online Help Manual

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Reference material
5.3 Special functions
LOGO!Soft Comfort Online Help
Operating Instructions, 11/2017
321
Control loop
The process value x influences the manipulated variable M by means of the regulating
device. This creates a closed circuit that is also known as a
control loop
.
If, in the example above, the window is opened, the temperature in the room drops. The
person must increase the heat output of the heater. If the heat output increases too much, it
gets too hot. The person must then reduce the heat output.
If the heat output increases or reduces too quickly, then the control loop starts to oscillate.
The room temperature fluctuates. It is either too hot or too cold. To prevent this, the person
must carefully and slowly reduce or increase the heat output.
Loop error
The loop error is the difference between the command variable and the process value. In
other words: the deviation of a process value from a set value.
e = SP – PV
The loop error e brings about a change to the manipulated variable M.
The example above illustrates this very well: if, with a desired temperature of 20 °C (=
command value w), the room temperature is 22 °C (= process value PV), this results in the
loop error:
e = SP – PV = 20 °C - 22 °C = -2 °C
In this case, the negative sign indicates a reversing action: the heat output reduces.
In a control loopstate of equilibrium, the loop error is zero or very small. If the command
variable changes or there is a disturbance, a loop error arises. The manipulated variable M
corrects the loop error.
Controller basics (Page 322)
Description of the individual parameters (Page 325)
PI controller (Page 326)
Heating control (Page 210)
Analog ramp (Page 330)
… 321 …


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