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Fotograe-concepten en conventies
Hoe diafragma, sluitertijd en ISO-waarde de
belichting beïnvloeden
Diafragma, sluitertijd en ISO-waarde hangen in de fotograe nauw met
elkaar samen. De diafragma-instelling regelt de formaat van de lensopening
waardoor het licht de camera binnenvalt, terwijl de sluitertijd bepaalt hoe
lang dat licht naar binnen mag vallen. De ISO-waarde bepaalt de snelheid
waarmee de lm op licht reageert. Samen bepalen deze drie elementen de
belichting van een foto.
Een aanpassing van de sluitertijd, de diafragmawaarde of de ISO-waarde
kan met een aanpassing van de andere worden gecompenseerd, zodat de
belichting gelijk blijft. De resultaten in het beeld verschillen echter, afhankelijk
van de gekozen instellingen. De sluitertijd is bijvoorbeeld het element
waarmee beweging in het beeld wordt geregeld, het diafragma regelt de
scherptediepte en met de ISO-waarde kan de hoeveelheid korrel in een foto
worden veranderd.
Instellingen Resultaat
Diafragmawaarde
Wijd diafragma
= meer licht
Smal diafragma
= minder licht
Groot = kleine scherptediepte
Klein = grote scherptediepte
Instellingen Resultaat
Sluitertijd
Hoge snelheid
= minder licht
Lage snelheid
= meer licht
Kort = stil
Lang = vaag
ISO-waarde
Hoge ISO-waarde
= gevoeliger voor
licht
Lage ISO-waarde
= minder gevoelig
voor licht
Hoog = korreliger
Laag = minder korrelig
21


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