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INTRODUCCIÓN
Teorías de tratamiento
1. Teoría de las endorfinas
A muy bajas frecuencias (< 10Hz) la electroestimulación produce
mayormente una manipulación hormonal de los centros vegetativos
en el Sistema Nervioso Central. Las fibras conductoras del dolor son
estimuladas. Los mecanismos centrales opresores del dolor y la
secreción de opioides en el cerebro o en el diencéfalo son liberados
segregando endorfinas endógenas y sustancias similares a la morfi-
na. ¡Estas sustancias tienen el mismo efecto que los analgésicos!
2. Teoría del “Gate Control”
La estimulación a frecuencias mayores de 10Hz despliegan su
efecto principalmente en las “astas dorsales“ de la médula espi-
nal. Allí se impide que la sensación de dolor alcance la conscien-
cia. Frecuencias a partir de 85 – 100 Hz a 200 – 250 Hz pue-
den liberar mecanismos opresores del dolor en los extremos de los
nervios libres, así como en las fibras nerviosas simpáticas.
Esta teoría es la más extendida.
Análisis general del dolor
1. Dolor puntiagudo, punzante o claro
Aplicación de frecuencias de < 50 Hz a < 20 Hz
Si es posible, debe seleccionarse un ancho de impulso
alto > 150μsec
2. Dolor sordo, pulsátil
Utilizar frecuencias > 50 Hz (normalmente)
Ancho de impulso tan ancho como sea posible (el dolor pulsátil
no debe ser reforzado), esto es, normalmente pequeños anchos
de impulso < 120μS
¡A ser posible, debe evitarse estimular al mismo tiempo partes del
músculo, ya que de lo contrario podrían producirse agujetas!
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