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Appendix C: Glossary 299
EPP: “Enhanced Parallel Port”. Enables accelerated bi-directional data transfer via the parallel
port. See ECP.
EPROM: “Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory”. Memory chip that after
programming retains its data without power supply. The memory contents can be erased
with ultraviolet light and rewritten.
Fade to/from black: A digital effect that fades up from black at the beginning of a clip or
down to black at the end.
Field: A frame of video consists of horizontal lines and is divided into two fields. The odd
lines in the frame are Field 1; the even-numbered lines are Field 2.
File format: The organization of information within a computer file such as an image or
word processor document. The format of a file is usually indicated by its “file extension” (e.g.
doc, avi or wmf).
Filters: Tools that alter data to produce special effects.
FireWire: Apple Computer’s trademarked name for the IEEE-1394 serial data protocol.
Field: A frame of interlaced video consists of horizontal lines and is divided into two fields.
The odd lines in the frame are Field 1; the even-numbered lines are Field 2.
Frame rate: The frame rate defines how many frames of a video sequence are played in one
second. The frame rate for NTSC video is 30 frames per second. The frame rate for PAL video
is 25 frames per second.
Frame size: The maximum size for displaying image data in a video or animation sequence.
If an image intended for the sequence is larger than the frame size, it must be cropped or
scaled to fit.
Frequency: The number of repetitions in a periodic process (like a sound wave or an
alternating voltage) per unit of time. Usually measured in repetitions per second, or Hertz
(Hz).
GOP: In MPEG compression the data stream is first divided into “Groups Of Pictures” –
sections of several frames each. Each GOP contains three types of frames: I-Frames, P-Frames
(pictures) and B- Frames.
GOP size: The GOP size defines, how many I-Frames, B-Frames and P-Frames are included
in one GOP. For example, current GOP sizes are 9 or 12.
Hardware codec: Compression method that uses special hardware to create and play back
compressed digital video sequences. A hardware codec may offer better encoding speed
309


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  • My Pinnacle Studio 23 program keeps crashing when loading. Pinnacle have told me they no longer support the product although it is less than 2 years since my purchase. I have reloaded but no change
    Any corrective suggestions?
    Bruce Submitted on 1-4-2022 at 03:23

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